NMOR can be formed endogenously from nitrite and morpholine. Oxidative damage may represent an important step in the toxicity of NMOR. This study was designed to evaluate the biological activity of 3-aminothiazolo[3.2a]benzimadzole-2-carbonitrile in the protection of hepatic and renal tissues against oxidative stress that is induced by administration of nitrite and morpholine as food additives in drinking water for 15 weeks. Conclusions: Nitrite plus morpholine administration to rats results in oxidative damage in hepatic and renal tissues. This damage may return to the increased production of ROS and changes in the levels of antioxidants. This oxidative damage was ameliorated by DMSO and 3-aminothiazolo[3.2a]benzimadzole-2-carbonitrile co-treatment.

Cisplatin (CP) is considered as a major antineoplastic drug against a broad spectrum of malignancies. CP acts on cancer cells by releasing free radicals which at the same time damage liver and kidney cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the hepatotoxicity of CP which it may be mediated by oxidative stress and to establish whether some antioxidants, Vit C, DPPD and L-cystiene, may provide protection against CP hepatotoxicity. 40 rats were divided into 5 groups. G1 work as control, G2 injected with CP alone, G3 was injected with CP & Vit C, G4 was injected with CP& DPPD, G5 was injected with CP & L-cystiene. CP-induced oxidative stress was indicated by ↑ LPO and O2- in hepatic tissue and plasma. Also, CP induced decline of SOD, CAT, GST and GGT and a ↓ level of GSH, Vit C and Vit E in hepatic tissue and plasma. Treatment with Vit C, DPPD and L-cysteine in combination with CP restored LPO and O2-, the activities of SOD, GST, CAT and GGT and the content of GSH, Vit C and Vit E to control levels

Cisplatin (CP) is considered as a major antineoplastic drug against a broad spectrum of malignancies. CP acts on cancer cells by releasing free radicals which at the same time damage liver and kidney cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the hepatotoxicity of CP which it may be mediated by oxidative stress and to establish whether some antioxidants, Vit C, DPPD and L-cystiene, may provide protection against CP hepatotoxicity. 40 rats were divided into 5 groups. G1 work as control, G2 injected with CP alone, G3 was injected with CP & Vit C, G4 was injected with CP& DPPD, G5 was injected with CP & L-cystiene. CP-induced oxidative stress was indicated by ↑ LPO and O2- in hepatic tissue and plasma. Also, CP induced decline of SOD, CAT, GST and GGT and a ↓ level of GSH, Vit C and Vit E in hepatic tissue and plasma. Treatment with Vit C, DPPD and L-cysteine in combination with CP restored LPO and O2-, the activities of SOD, GST, CAT and GGT and the content of GSH, Vit C and Vit E to control levels

The levels of GH, IGF-1, blood glucose and glycosylated plasma proteins (GPP) were determined in sera of diabetics (19 with and 18 without DR, 17 with IDDM and 20 with NIDDM). The levels of the four parameters were significantly higher in diabetics with and without retinopathy compared with controls. Patients with retinopathy had higher levels than those with nonproliferative changes. Serum GH and IGF-1 were higher in IDDM than in NIDDM. In patients with retinopathy, GH was correlated with the duration of diabetes and random blood glucose while IGF-1 did not correlate. It seems that increase GH and IGF-1 levels have possible contribution to the pathogenesis and progression of DR, especially in IDDM besides blood glucose and GPP excess. Such levels do appear to identify diabetics at high risk for rapid deterioration of vision and hence may be useful in selecting those for more intensive therapy.

The levels of GH, IGF-1, blood glucose and glycosylated plasma proteins (GPP) were determined in sera of diabetics (19 with and 18 without DR, 17 with IDDM and 20 with NIDDM). The levels of the four parameters were significantly higher in diabetics with and without retinopathy compared with controls. Patients with retinopathy had higher levels than those with nonproliferative changes. Serum GH and IGF-1 were higher in IDDM than in NIDDM. In patients with retinopathy, GH was correlated with the duration of diabetes and random blood glucose while IGF-1 did not correlate. It seems that increase GH and IGF-1 levels have possible contribution to the pathogenesis and progression of DR, especially in IDDM besides blood glucose and GPP excess. Such levels do appear to identify diabetics at high risk for rapid deterioration of vision and hence may be useful in selecting those for more intensive therapy.

The levels of GH, IGF-1, blood glucose and glycosylated plasma proteins (GPP) were determined in sera of diabetics (19 with and 18 without DR, 17 with IDDM and 20 with NIDDM). The levels of the four parameters were significantly higher in diabetics with and without retinopathy compared with controls. Patients with retinopathy had higher levels than those with nonproliferative changes. Serum GH and IGF-1 were higher in IDDM than in NIDDM. In patients with retinopathy, GH was correlated with the duration of diabetes and random blood glucose while IGF-1 did not correlate. It seems that increase GH and IGF-1 levels have possible contribution to the pathogenesis and progression of DR, especially in IDDM besides blood glucose and GPP excess. Such levels do appear to identify diabetics at high risk for rapid deterioration of vision and hence may be useful in selecting those for more intensive therapy.

This work is focused on the study of the natural convection boundary-layer flow over a downward-pointing vertical cone in a porous medium saturated with a non-Newtonian nanofluid in the presence of heat generation or absorption. The transformed boundary layer governing equations are solved numerically. The influences of pertinent parameters such as the heat generation or absorption, the solid volume fraction of nanoparticles and the type of nanofluid on the flow and heat transfer rate in terms of Nusselt number are discussed. Comparisons with previously published work on special cases of the problem are performed and found to be in excellent agreement. The generalized governing equations derived in this work can be applied to different cases of non-Newtonian fluids with different values of the power-law viscosity index. The results of this parametric study are shown graphically and the physical aspects of the problem are highlighted and discussed

Potato starch residue stream produced during chips manufacturing was used as an economical source for biomass and bioethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Results demonstrated that 1% H2SO4 at 100 C for 1 h was enough to hydrolyze all starch contained in the residue stream. Two strains of S. cerevisiae (y-1646 and commercial one) were able to utilize and ferment the acid-treated residue stream under both aerobic and semi-anaerobic conditions. The maximum yield of ethanol (5.52 g L1) was achieved at 35 C by S. cerevisiae y-1646 after 36 h when ZnCl2 (0.4 g L1) was added. Addition of NH4NO3 as a source of nitrogen did not significantly affect either growth or ethanol production by S. cerevisiae y-1646. Some secondary by-products including alcohol derivatives and medical active compound were found to be associated with the ethanol production process.

Oxidative stress has been proven to be involved in cisplatin (CP)-induced toxicity. The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Vit C, N,N0-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD) and Lcysteine against CP-induced testicular oxidative damage in rats. Our data indicated significant increases in lipid peroxides (LPO), total peroxides and superoxide anion levels in testes of rats treated with CP (2 mg/kg/week, for 4 weeks) that was associated with a significant reduction in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). The contents of glutathione (GSH), Vit E and Vit C were significantly lower in CP treated testes compared with these of control. The co-administration of CP with DPPD or L-cysteine significantly reduced the elevation in LPO, however the co-administration of CP with Vit C, DPPD or L-cysteine reduced the effect of CP on superoxide anion and antioxidant enzymes and also on the antioxidants contents. The administration of Vit C, DPPD or L-cysteine before CP injection improved the histological pictures and reduced the number of apoptotic cells and DPPD was more efficient. In conclusion, DPPD is a potent antioxidant, against CP-induced testicular oxidative damage, as compared with Vit C and L-cysteine

Oxidative stress has been proven to be involved in cisplatin (CP)-induced toxicity. The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Vit C, N,N0-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD) and Lcysteine against CP-induced testicular oxidative damage in rats. Our data indicated significant increases in lipid peroxides (LPO), total peroxides and superoxide anion levels in testes of rats treated with CP (2 mg/kg/week, for 4 weeks) that was associated with a significant reduction in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). The contents of glutathione (GSH), Vit E and Vit C were significantly lower in CP treated testes compared with these of control. The co-administration of CP with DPPD or L-cysteine significantly reduced the elevation in LPO, however the co-administration of CP with Vit C, DPPD or L-cysteine reduced the effect of CP on superoxide anion and antioxidant enzymes and also on the antioxidants contents. The administration of Vit C, DPPD or L-cysteine before CP injection improved the histological pictures and reduced the number of apoptotic cells and DPPD was more efficient. In conclusion, DPPD is a potent antioxidant, against CP-induced testicular oxidative damage, as compared with Vit C and L-cysteine