The sky is an essential component in outdoor images. Sky and cloud type classification has applications in many areas such as image enhancement and sky image retrieval. In this paper, we improve the sky and cloud type classification rate over existing methods. Our work is based on two classification stages: sky image classification stage and sky cloud type classification stage. In sky classification stage, the image is classified into blue sky, cloudy sky, and sunset sky. Due to the impact of descriptor selection in the sky classification, we investigate ten descriptors; we show that the classifiers based on color descriptors are more accurate than the classifiers based on shape descriptors in sky type classification. We improve the sky image classification ratio using K-HSV descriptors. The sky classification with K-HSV descriptors has 77.3% correct classification rate. In cloud type's classification stage, the cloud is classified based on the sky type. For both the blue sky and the sunset sky, the cloud type is classified into six types: cloudless, thin-cirrus, cirrus, cirrocumulus, cumulus, and cumulonimbus. In cloudy sky, the cloud type is classified into three types: stratus, stratocumulus, and altostratus. The clouds are classified based on their shape and color using Gist minimum distance classification. The average correct classification rate of the clouds classifier is over 85% for cloudless, cumulus clouds, and stratus clouds and over 60% for thin-cirrus, cumulonimbus, stratocumulus, and altostratus clouds.

The global feeding on Western diet, which is enriched in fat and fructose, has been proposed to be a cause of metabolic disorder, including hepatic steatosis which is associated with oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated the influence of co-treatment with phytochemical compounds, quercetin (Q), o-coumaric (CA) and berberine (BB) on the hepatic lipid profile and oxidative stress markers of rats fed a HFS diet. Rats fed HFS diet showed hypertriglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and alteration of oxidative markers in hepatic tissues and serum and histological changes in liver tissues. Supplementing a HFS diet with CA and BB ameliorates hypertriglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and oxidative stress biomarkers. However, Q improved the biochemical changes in lipid profile and oxidative stress, but failed to improve the histological changes in liver tissue. In conclusion, the present results evidences indicate that CA and BB could be considered as promising complementary treatments against hepatic steatosis development associated with HFS.

The global feeding on Western diet, which is enriched in fat and fructose, has been proposed to be a cause of metabolic disorder, including hepatic steatosis which is associated with oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated the influence of co-treatment with phytochemical compounds, quercetin (Q), o-coumaric (CA) and berberine (BB) on the hepatic lipid profile and oxidative stress markers of rats fed a HFS diet. Rats fed HFS diet showed hypertriglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and alteration of oxidative markers in hepatic tissues and serum and histological changes in liver tissues. Supplementing a HFS diet with CA and BB ameliorates hypertriglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and oxidative stress biomarkers. However, Q improved the biochemical changes in lipid profile and oxidative stress, but failed to improve the histological changes in liver tissue. In conclusion, the present results evidences indicate that CA and BB could be considered as promising complementary treatments against hepatic steatosis development associated with HFS.

Lithium (Li) therapy has widely used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Consequently, consciousness of the side effects and pathogenesis of this metal is needed for such treatments. Recently, information on the interaction of Li with oxidative markers and organs toxicity attend the researchers over the world. In the present study we have tried to evaluate the influence of oral administration of LiCl for 4 weeks on the oxidative stress marker and histological structure of brain in male rats. Fifty adult male albino rats weighing 135±15 gm was categorized into 5 groups (10 rats each). Group I worked as negative control, group II administrated with LiCl (0.20 mg/kg bw) in drinking water, group III, IV and V were administrated with Zn (10 mg/kg bw), VE (100 mg/kg bw) and their combination twice a week besides the daily administration of LiCl for 4 weeks, respectively. Rats after anesthesia with ether killed for collocation of brain for histopathological and biochemical analysis. Data obtained showed a significant increase in LPO, NO, GSH and Li content and the activities of SOD, CAT and AChE with demylination of the nerve fibers and degeneration of neurons in brain of LiCl treated rats. Co-treatment of ratswith Zn or VE results in a significant decrease in LPO, NO, GSH content in the activities of SOD, CAT and AChE with less or normal structure of the brain. However, co-treatment with combination of Zn and VE caused a significant increase in SOD, CAT and AChE activities with normal histological structure.In conclusion, the data from the present study show that Zn and VE and their interaction are effective in protection against Liinduced brain toxicity in rat with priority for the combination.