In arid regions, people strive to have high drinking water quality resource. Limited water resources in arid regions present a critical factor that affects economic and societal development. The hydrogeological and hydrological conditions in such areas are extreme variable and affect largely the hydrochemical characteristics of the groundwater system. This study was carried out in Elhasya (Edfu, Aswan, Egypt) with an objective of understanding the suitability of local groundwater quality for domestic purposes in such arid climate region and to investigate the potential impact of untreated sewage discharges and irrigation canals on groundwater quality. In order to accomplish these targets, 250 water samples were collected from 4 groundwater wells and analyzed for physical, chemical and biological parameters in the period from Jan. 2007 to Dec. 2012. The hydrological characteristics of the region have been identified. Aquachem tool was used to define and characterize the hydrchemistry of the pumped water samples. Wells can be considered neutral to slightly alkaline, pH is around (6.5-8.5). Cations (Mg2+, Na+ and Ca2+) and anions (HCO3–, Cl–, and SO42–) were measured using ion chromatography instrument and it was clear that they did not exceed the recommended limits of world health organization (WHO) nor the Egyptian standards. However, bacteriological and biological results refer to that the wells are contaminated and a dose of disinfectant should be injected for drinking use. Stiff and piper diagrams were used to evaluate the hydrochemistry of groundwater of the study area. According to the plotting results, we can say that the majority of groundwater samples was characterized by the abundance alkaline earth metals (Ca2+, Mg2+) over of the alkalis (Na+, K+). In conclusion, it is apparent that the pumped water in El-Hasya city needs to be injected with dose of disinfectant to promote the biological activity so as to be suitable for drinking uses.

In arid regions, people strive to have high drinking water quality resource. Limited water resources in arid regions present a critical factor that affects economic and societal development. The hydrogeological and hydrological conditions in such areas are extreme variable and affect largely the hydrochemical characteristics of the groundwater system. This study was carried out in Elhasya (Edfu, Aswan, Egypt) with an objective of understanding the suitability of local groundwater quality for domestic purposes in such arid climate region and to investigate the potential impact of untreated sewage discharges and irrigation canals on groundwater quality. In order to accomplish these targets, 250 water samples were collected from 4 groundwater wells and analyzed for physical, chemical and biological parameters in the period from Jan. 2007 to Dec. 2012. The hydrological characteristics of the region have been identified. Aquachem tool was used to define and characterize the hydrchemistry of the pumped water samples. Wells can be considered neutral to slightly alkaline, pH is around (6.5-8.5). Cations (Mg2+, Na+ and Ca2+) and anions (HCO3–, Cl–, and SO42–) were measured using ion chromatography instrument and it was clear that they did not exceed the recommended limits of world health organization (WHO) nor the Egyptian standards. However, bacteriological and biological results refer to that the wells are contaminated and a dose of disinfectant should be injected for drinking use. Stiff and piper diagrams were used to evaluate the hydrochemistry of groundwater of the study area. According to the plotting results, we can say that the majority of groundwater samples was characterized by the abundance alkaline earth metals (Ca2+, Mg2+) over of the alkalis (Na+, K+). In conclusion, it is apparent that the pumped water in El-Hasya city needs to be injected with dose of disinfectant to promote the biological activity so as to be suitable for drinking uses.

A new series of benzazole, thiazolidinone and azetidin-2-one derivatives incorporating to pyrazole moiety were synthesized by condensation of 1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxaldehyde with different nucleophiles. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by analytical and spectral methods. Some of these compounds were evaluated for their anti-hyperglycemic and renoprotective activities. Three compounds showed remarkable anti-diabetic potency, whereas other five compounds showed significant renoprotective activity.

A new series of benzazole, thiazolidinone and azetidin-2-one derivatives incorporating to pyrazole moiety were synthesized by condensation of 1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxaldehyde with different nucleophiles. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by analytical and spectral methods. Some of these compounds were evaluated for their anti-hyperglycemic and renoprotective activities. Three compounds showed remarkable anti-diabetic potency, whereas other five compounds showed significant renoprotective activity.

This article presents a combined experimental and computational study of a new oxorhenium(V) complex of thiazolidine-2,4-dione (HTDO). The complex has been synthesized by direct reaction of NH4ReO4 with thiazolidine- 2,4-dione in the presence of Na2S2O6 as a reducing agent. The complex [ReO(TDO)(H2O)3](S2O8) has been characterized by spectroscopy (FT-IR, NMR, UV-vis, mass), thermogravimetry, microanalysis, and HPL chromatography. The complex was geometrically optimized by DFT with B3LYP level of theory and satisfactory theoretical–experimental agreement was achieved for analysis of IR and NMR data of the complex. Additional information about binding between rhenium and oxo ligand in the complex has been obtained by NBO analysis. The antibacterial activity of the investigated complex has been tested and evaluated.

This article presents a combined experimental and computational study of a new oxorhenium(V) complex of thiazolidine-2,4-dione (HTDO). The complex has been synthesized by direct reaction of NH4ReO4 with thiazolidine- 2,4-dione in the presence of Na2S2O6 as a reducing agent. The complex [ReO(TDO)(H2O)3](S2O8) has been characterized by spectroscopy (FT-IR, NMR, UV-vis, mass), thermogravimetry, microanalysis, and HPL chromatography. The complex was geometrically optimized by DFT with B3LYP level of theory and satisfactory theoretical–experimental agreement was achieved for analysis of IR and NMR data of the complex. Additional information about binding between rhenium and oxo ligand in the complex has been obtained by NBO analysis. The antibacterial activity of the investigated complex has been tested and evaluated.

The mechanisms for the trimerization of acetylene in the presence of (PH2CH2CH2PH2)IrCl as an active catalyst were investigated by density functional (B3LYP and M06) theory calculations. The reactant bis(acetylene)Ir complex has a distorted trigonal bipyramid structure, and thus, there are three types of equilibrium structures connected by pseudorotation. The first oxidative coupling takes place between the acetylene molecule coordinating at the axial position and that in the equatorial plane in these reactant complexes to afford square pyramidal iridacyclopentadiene complexes through one of the two favorable transition states. Then, the third acetylene molecule attacks the iridacyclopentadiene intermediate, accompanied by Cl migration, to afford the iridacyclopentadieneacetylene complex. The formation of a benzene complex from this acetylene complex involves reaction pathways based on intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition and the Schore mechanism through iridacycloheptatriene, as well as the bicycle mechanism. The most favorable pathway for the formation of the benzene complex is through intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition to form the η4-benzeneIr complex, and finally, to the η2- benzeneIr complex. This reaction mechanism is compared with that for reactions catalyzed by TpIr and CpIr systems.

Kinetic analysis for the non-isothermal decomposition of un-irradiated and photon-beam-irradiated 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as anti-cancer drug, was carried out in static air. Thermal decomposition of 5-FUproceeds in two steps. One minor step in the temperature range of (270–283◦C) followed by the majorstep in the temperature range of (285–360◦C). The non-isothermal data for un-irradiated and photon-irradiated 5-FU were analyzed using linear (Tang) and non-linear (Vyazovkin) isoconversional methods.The results of the application of these free models on the present kinetic data showed quite a dependenceof the activation energy on the extent of conversion. For un-irradiated 5-FU, the non-isothermal dataanalysis indicates that the decomposition is generally described by A3 and A4 modeles for the minor andmajor decomposition steps, respectively. For a photon-irradiated sample of 5-FU with total absorbed doseof 10 Gy, the decomposition is controlled by A2 model throughout the coversion range. The activationenergies calculated in case of photon-irradiated 5-FU were found to be lower compared to the valuesobtained from the thermal decomposition of the un-irradiated sample probably due to the formation ofadditional nucleation sites created by a photon-irradiation.The decomposition path was investigated by intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of DFT. Two transition states were involved in the process by homolytic rupture ofN H bond and ring secession, respectively.

Kinetic analysis for the non-isothermal decomposition of un-irradiated and photon-beam-irradiated 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as anti-cancer drug, was carried out in static air. Thermal decomposition of 5-FUproceeds in two steps. One minor step in the temperature range of (270–283◦C) followed by the majorstep in the temperature range of (285–360◦C). The non-isothermal data for un-irradiated and photon-irradiated 5-FU were analyzed using linear (Tang) and non-linear (Vyazovkin) isoconversional methods.The results of the application of these free models on the present kinetic data showed quite a dependenceof the activation energy on the extent of conversion. For un-irradiated 5-FU, the non-isothermal dataanalysis indicates that the decomposition is generally described by A3 and A4 modeles for the minor andmajor decomposition steps, respectively. For a photon-irradiated sample of 5-FU with total absorbed doseof 10 Gy, the decomposition is controlled by A2 model throughout the coversion range. The activationenergies calculated in case of photon-irradiated 5-FU were found to be lower compared to the valuesobtained from the thermal decomposition of the un-irradiated sample probably due to the formation ofadditional nucleation sites created by a photon-irradiation.The decomposition path was investigated by intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of DFT. Two transition states were involved in the process by homolytic rupture ofN H bond and ring secession, respectively.

Crop production is challenged in our world by increasing food demands, decrease natural resource bases and climatic change. Nowadays plant growth regulators works like fertilizers in increasing plant growth production efficiency and needed to produce in large industrial scale. Fermentation condition and medium constituents can significantly affect on the product production and designing an acceptable fermentation medium is critical importance. In this paper Fusarium sp. could be considered as promising indole-3-acetic acid producers with the ability to improve the production using statistical methods. The results showed that fermentation type, incubation temperature and L-tryptophan were the most influencing parameters on the production. Maximum IAA production by Fusarium oxysporum was 300.4 mg/l obtained under the fermentation conditions: temperature at 25oC, incubation period 5 days, pH 7, inoculums size 2%, shaking rate at 150 rpm and medium constituents: Glucose 40 g/l, yeast extract 3 g/l, L-tryptophan 1 g/l, KH2PO4 2 g/l, NaNO3 4 g/l, MgSO4·7H2O 0.1 g/l with regression analysis (R2) 99.67% and 2.12-fold increase in comparison to the production of the original level (142 mg/l).