Agarase is a promising biocatalyst for several industrial applications. Agarase production was evaluated by the marine fungus Dendryphiella arenaria utilizing Palisada perforata as a basal substrate in semi-solid state fermentation. Seaweed biomass, glucose, and sucrose were the most significant parameters affecting agarase production, and their levels were further optimized using Box-Behnken design. The maximum agarase activity was 7.69 U/mL. Agarase showed a degree of thermostability with half-life of 99 min at 40 °C, and declining to 44.72 min at 80 °C. Thermodynamics suggested an important process of protein aggregation during thermal inactivation. Additionally, the enzymatic saccharification of the seaweed biomass using crude agarase was optimized with respect to biomass particle size, solid/liquid ratio, and enzyme loadings. The amount of biosugars obtained after optimization was 26.15 ± 1.43 mg/g. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on optimization of agarase in D. arenaria.

Agarase is a promising biocatalyst for several industrial applications. Agarase production was evaluated by the marine fungus Dendryphiella arenaria utilizing Palisada perforata as a basal substrate in semi-solid state fermentation. Seaweed biomass, glucose, and sucrose were the most significant parameters affecting agarase production, and their levels were further optimized using Box-Behnken design. The maximum agarase activity was 7.69 U/mL. Agarase showed a degree of thermostability with half-life of 99 min at 40 °C, and declining to 44.72 min at 80 °C. Thermodynamics suggested an important process of protein aggregation during thermal inactivation. Additionally, the enzymatic saccharification of the seaweed biomass using crude agarase was optimized with respect to biomass particle size, solid/liquid ratio, and enzyme loadings. The amount of biosugars obtained after optimization was 26.15 ± 1.43 mg/g. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on optimization of agarase in D. arenaria.

Agarase is a promising biocatalyst for several industrial applications. Agarase production was evaluated by the marine fungus Dendryphiella arenaria utilizing Palisada perforata as a basal substrate in semi-solid state fermentation. Seaweed biomass, glucose, and sucrose were the most significant parameters affecting agarase production, and their levels were further optimized using Box-Behnken design. The maximum agarase activity was 7.69 U/mL. Agarase showed a degree of thermostability with half-life of 99 min at 40 °C, and declining to 44.72 min at 80 °C. Thermodynamics suggested an important process of protein aggregation during thermal inactivation. Additionally, the enzymatic saccharification of the seaweed biomass using crude agarase was optimized with respect to biomass particle size, solid/liquid ratio, and enzyme loadings. The amount of biosugars obtained after optimization was 26.15 ± 1.43 mg/g. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on optimization of agarase in D. arenaria.

Agarase is a promising biocatalyst for several industrial applications. Agarase production was evaluated by the marine fungus Dendryphiella arenaria utilizing Palisada perforata as a basal substrate in semi-solid state fermentation. Seaweed biomass, glucose, and sucrose were the most significant parameters affecting agarase production, and their levels were further optimized using Box-Behnken design. The maximum agarase activity was 7.69 U/mL. Agarase showed a degree of thermostability with half-life of 99 min at 40 °C, and declining to 44.72 min at 80 °C. Thermodynamics suggested an important process of protein aggregation during thermal inactivation. Additionally, the enzymatic saccharification of the seaweed biomass using crude agarase was optimized with respect to biomass particle size, solid/liquid ratio, and enzyme loadings. The amount of biosugars obtained after optimization was 26.15 ± 1.43 mg/g. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on optimization of agarase in D. arenaria.

Crystals of potassium zinc chloride sulfate (KZCS) undoped and doped with Ni2+ ions with different concentrations were crystallized by slow evaporating of saturated aqueous solution. The crystal habit changes considerably by doping. Grown crystals were investigated by various characterization techniques. X-ray powder diffraction analysis was executed to detect the structure parameters of the grown crystals. Slight changes in the unit cell parameters of KZCS crystals after doping with Ni2+ ions have been detected. Different functional groups were detected and assigned from the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Optical properties were investigated in the incident wavelength in the range from190 to 900 nm. Absorption coefficient was calculated and the grown crystals show indirect allowed inter-band transition and the energy gap decreased continuously with increasing the concentration of Ni2+ ions. The …

4-Amino-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carboxamide has been synthesized by an innovative method. The aminoamide derivative was gently refluxed with chloroacetyl chloride under neat conditions followed by neutralization with sodium carbonate solution to afford the chloromethyl pyrimidinone compound. The chloromethyl pyrimidinone derivative was converted to the thiol derivative by the reaction with thiourea in ethanol. The thiol compound was alkylated with α-halocompounds such as ethyl chloroacetate, chloroacetone, phenacyl bromide and 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylnicotinonitrile to afford the corresponding S-alkylated compounds. The chemical structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated on the basis of elemental and spectral analyses containing FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and mass spectroscopy.

4-Amino-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carboxamide has been synthesized by an innovative method. The aminoamide derivative was gently refluxed with chloroacetyl chloride under neat conditions followed by neutralization with sodium carbonate solution to afford the chloromethyl pyrimidinone compound. The chloromethyl pyrimidinone derivative was converted to the thiol derivative by the reaction with thiourea in ethanol. The thiol compound was alkylated with α-halocompounds such as ethyl chloroacetate, chloroacetone, phenacyl bromide and 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylnicotinonitrile to afford the corresponding S-alkylated compounds. The chemical structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated on the basis of elemental and spectral analyses containing FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and mass spectroscopy.

4-Amino-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carboxamide has been synthesized by an innovative method. The aminoamide derivative was gently refluxed with chloroacetyl chloride under neat conditions followed by neutralization with sodium carbonate solution to afford the chloromethyl pyrimidinone compound. The chloromethyl pyrimidinone derivative was converted to the thiol derivative by the reaction with thiourea in ethanol. The thiol compound was alkylated with α-halocompounds such as ethyl chloroacetate, chloroacetone, phenacyl bromide and 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylnicotinonitrile to afford the corresponding S-alkylated compounds. The chemical structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated on the basis of elemental and spectral analyses containing FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and mass spectroscopy.

The aim of this work is to obtain some existence and uniqueness fixed point theorems for mixed gmonotone mapping in any number of variables under general contractive conditions in partially ordered metric spaces by using the condition of weak compatibility. Our results are different, more natural and generalizations of many results on multidimensional fixed points. For illustration of the effectiveness of our generalizations, some examples are equipped in this paper

The aim of this work is to obtain some existence and uniqueness fixed point theorems for mixed gmonotone mapping in any number of variables under general contractive conditions in partially ordered metric spaces by using the condition of weak compatibility. Our results are different, more natural and generalizations of many results on multidimensional fixed points. For illustration of the effectiveness of our generalizations, some examples are equipped in this paper