In multiple myeloma (MM), malignant plasma cells reside in the bone marrow, where they accumulate in close contact with stromal cells. The mechanisms responsible for the chemotaxis of malignant plasma cells are still poorly understood. Thus, we investigated the mechanisms involved in the chemotaxis of MDN and XG2 MM cell lines. Both cell lines strongly expressed CCR9, CXCR3 and CXCR4 chemokine receptors but only migrated toward CXCL12. Activation of CXCR4 by CXCL12 resulted in the association of CXCR4 with CD45 and activation of PLCb3, AKT, RhoA, IkBa and ERK1/2. Using siRNA-silencing techniques, we showed CD45/CXCR4 association is essential for CXCL12-induced migration of MM cells. Thymoquinone (TQ), the major active component of the medicinal herb Nigella sativa Linn, has been described as a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic compound. TQ treatment strongly inhibited CXCL12-mediated chemotaxis in MM cell lines as well as primary cells isolated from MM patients, but not normal PBMCs. Moreover, TQ significantly down-regulated CXCR4 expression and CXCL12-mediated CXCR4/CD45 association in MM cells. Finally, TQ also induced the relocalization of cytoplasmic Fas/CD95 to the membrane of MM cells and increased CD95-mediated apoptosis by 80%. In conclusion, we demonstrate the potent anti-myeloma activity of TQ, providing a rationale for further clinical evaluation.

In this work, a novel voltammetric sensor was fabricated by the decoration of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNT) with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using glassy carbon paste (GCP) as a cross linker (AuNPs/f-MWCNT/GCPE) for determination of cyproterone acetate (CPA) drug. Electrochemical behavior and the surface characterization of the AuNPs/f-MWCNT/GCPE were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The modified electrode showed a distinctive cathodic response towards CPA using SWV in phosphate buffer medium (pH 5.0) with a considerable enhancement peak current (42 μA) compared to the bare GCPE (4 μA). Under the optimum conditions, the SWV peak current of CPA increased linearly with its concentration at the range of 9.90 × 10−8 to 1.15 × 10-5 M with a detection limit of 1.66 × 10−8 M (6.92 ng/mL) and calculated sensitivity of 92.93 μA μM–1 cm–2 . The modified electrode displayed anti-interference ability against the physiological common interferents (i.e. ascorbic acid, uric acid, alanine, cysteine, glucose, citric acid, uracil, and serine). Furthermore, the fabricated electrochemical sensor displays a high sensitivity, good reproducibility, and long-term stability and it was effectively applied for the determination of CPA in pharmaceutical products (Androcur) and in human blood serum and urine samples.

In this study, a new voltammetric nanosensor was constructed by the decoration of acetylene black (AB) with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using glassy carbon paste (GCP) as a cross linker (nano-AB-AuNPs/GCPE) for determination of anticancer topotecan (TPT) drug. Moreover, from the response characteristics of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV), it was observed that TPT could be effectively accumulated at nano-AB-AuNPs/GCPE and resulted in a sensitive anodic peak current in PBS of pH 6.0. The surface area, electrical conductivity and catalytic performance of the modified electrode improved on account of the formation of nano-AB-AuNPs materials, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of the nanosensor. Under optimal conditions, a novel electrochemical method based on the nano-AB-AuNPs/GCPE sensor with high selectivity, high sensitivity and high anti-interference ability was developed for the determination of TPT. Furthermore, the electrochemical oxidation of TPT reveals an excellent linearity in the range of 1.99 × 10−9 to 6.71 × 10−7 M of TPT with a detection limit of 1.64 × 10−11 M (6.91 × 10−3 ng/mL). The TPT as a preconcentration agent showed chemical selectivity, so, the nanosensor was successfully applied for the determination of TPT in the presence of high concentrations of uric acid. Moreover, the method was employed efficiently to detect TPT in blood serum and urine samples, with satisfactory recoveries ranging from 98.16% to 100.76%.

We prove that conformable “fractional” differentiability of a function f:[0,∞[⟶R is nothing else than the classical differentiability. More precisely, the conformable α-derivative of f at some point x>0, where 0α1, is the pointwise product x^{1−α} f′(x). This proves the lack of significance of recent studies of the conformable derivatives. The results imply that interpreting fractional derivatives in the conformable sense alters fractional differential problems into differential problems with the usual integer-order derivatives that may no longer properly describe the original fractional physical phenomena. A general fractional viscoelasticity model is analysed to illustrate this state of affairs. We also test the modelling efficiency of the conformable derivative on various fractional models. We find that, compared with the classical fractional derivative, the conformable framework results in a substantially larger error.

Epinephrine (EP) is one of the important catecholamine neurotransmitters that play an important role in the mammalian central nervous system. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the change of its concentrations. Nanoporous materials have wide applications that include catalysis, energy storages, environmental pollution control, wastewater treatment, and sensing applications. These unique properties could be attributable to their high surface area, a large pore volume, and uniform pore sizes. A gold nanoporous layer modified gold electrode was prepared and applied for the selective determination of epinephrine neurotransmitter at low concentration in the presence of several other substances including ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). The constructed electrode was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The resulting electrode showed a selective detection of epinephrine with the interferences of dopamine and uric acid over a wide linear range (from50

Epinephrine (EP) is one of the important catecholamine neurotransmitters that play an important role in the mammalian central nervous system. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the change of its concentrations. Nanoporous materials have wide applications that include catalysis, energy storages, environmental pollution control, wastewater treatment, and sensing applications. These unique properties could be attributable to their high surface area, a large pore volume, and uniform pore sizes. A gold nanoporous layer modified gold electrode was prepared and applied for the selective determination of epinephrine neurotransmitter at low concentration in the presence of several other substances including ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). The constructed electrode was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The resulting electrode showed a selective detection of epinephrine with the interferences of dopamine and uric acid over a wide linear range (from50

THESE days green advancements of phytohormones have a critical place in industrial food process displace the chemical manufacturing which causes genuine dangers by gathered in the environment, from these hormones; gibberellin has an industrial significance as it’s a plant development controller hormone. Fungi produced several important substances with biological impact; from these substance plant hormones production involves great interest in agriculture. From different fungal isolates tested for gibberellins production, Fusarium oxysporum represented as a hopefulfungus for microbial gibberellin generation conducted 268.9±6.27 mg/l gibberellic acid with productivity rate 38.42 mg/l/day with succeeded capacity to apply in the field. In vivo application of microbial gibberellic acid occurred in pot experiment on Zea mays (L.) plants under water salinity stress. Synergetic development in maize plants exhibited with expanding microbial gibberellin concentrations until 150 ppm under water salinity stress and then no huge diverse was cleared.Increasing in plant weight and height observed in compared to the non-treated plants.

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We study the spontaneous emission in high-gain free-electron lasers operating in the quantum regime and its detrimental effect on coherent emission. A quantum model describing the coherent and spontaneous emission in free electron lasers has been recently proposed and investigated [G. R. M. Robb and R. Bonifacio, Phys. Plasmas 19, 073101 (2012)]. The model is based on a Wigner distribution describing the electron beam dynamics, coupled to Maxwell equations for the emitted radiation field. Here, we rephrase the model in a more rigorous way, considering a discrete Wigner distribution defined for a periodic space coordinate for which the electron momentum is discrete. From its numerical solution, we find good agreement with the approximate continuous model. In the quantum regime of the free-electron laser, we obtain a simple density matrix equation for two momentum states, where the role of the spontaneous emission has a clear interpretation in terms of coherence decay and population transfer.

The density matrix in the Lindblad form is used to describe the behavior of the Free-Electron Laser (FEL) operating in a quantum regime. The detrimental effects of the spontaneous emission on coherent FEL operation are taken into account. It is shown that the density matrix formalism provides a simple method to describe the dynamics of electrons and radiation field in the quantum FEL process. In this work, further insights on the key dynamic parameters (e.g., electron populations, bunching factor, radiation power) are presented. We also derive a simple differential equation that describes the evolution of the radiated power in the linear regime. It is confirmed that the essential results of this work agree with those predicted by a discrete Wigner approach at practical conditions for efficient operation of quantum FELs.