NULL

Nanoparticle assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (NPs-ALDI-MS) shows remarkable characteristics and has a promising future in terms of real sample analysis. The incorporation of NPs can advance several methods including surface assisted LDI-MS, and surface enhanced LDI-MS. These methods have advanced the detection of many thermally labile and nonvolatile biomolecules. Nanoparticles circumvent the drawbacks of conventional organic matrices for the analysis of small molecules. In most cases, NPs offer a clear background without interfering peaks, absence of fragmentation of thermally labile molecules, and allow the ionization of species with weak noncovalent interactions. Furthermore, an enhancement in sensitivity and selectivity can be achieved. NPs enable straightforward analysis of target species in a complex sample. This review (with 239 refs.) covers the progress made in laser-based mass spectrometry in combination with the use of metallic NPs (such as AuNPs, AgNPs, PtNPs, and PdNPs), NPs consisting of oxides and chalcogenides, silicon-based NPs, carbon-based nanomaterials, quantum dots, and metal-organic frameworks.

Nowadays, petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants keep on being a genuine natural worry because of the managed development of petroleum oil extraction, related generation which ends up noticeably with ecological issue. The expanding in industrial progression causes expanding in a petroleum-essential product consistently to cover the human needs. Continuous growing, development and improvement of industrial exercises over the whole world make petroleum-based products the most significant issue in this century. Oil spills frequently happen by mishaps amid pumping, transportation and refining. Nearness of these petrochemicals in the environment makes huge risks to human health for their lethal, mutagenic, cancer-causing impacts and their capacity of aggregation in food chain. Researchers keep searching for sustainable remediation techniques for polluted sites. As of now physical and chemical remediation advances are by all accounts facing a few issues like transferring pollutants from one phase to another and not having the ability for complete removal of contaminants which turn into another problem. Among the varieties of the remediation techniques, microbial utilization of microorganisms in biodegradation processes demonstrated the achievement in degrading xenobiotic compounds contrasted with physico-chemical strategies in terms of money-related costs, efficiency, energy efficiency, versatility and simplicity to apply and seems to be the environment sound solution. The key factor for successful bioremediation involves selecting appropriate microbes with high capability of pollutant degradation. Microorganisms like fungi, bacteria and yeast are considered as promising dynamic remarkable microbes involved in biodegradation of petroleum aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Nowadays, petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants keep on being a genuine natural worry because of the managed development of petroleum oil extraction, related generation which ends up noticeably with ecological issue. The expanding in industrial progression causes expanding in a petroleum-essential product consistently to cover the human needs. Continuous growing, development and improvement of industrial exercises over the whole world make petroleum-based products the most significant issue in this century. Oil spills frequently happen by mishaps amid pumping, transportation and refining. Nearness of these petrochemicals in the environment makes huge risks to human health for their lethal, mutagenic, cancer-causing impacts and their capacity of aggregation in food chain. Researchers keep searching for sustainable remediation techniques for polluted sites. As of now physical and chemical remediation advances are by all accounts facing a few issues like transferring pollutants from one phase to another and not having the ability for complete removal of contaminants which turn into another problem. Among the varieties of the remediation techniques, microbial utilization of microorganisms in biodegradation processes demonstrated the achievement in degrading xenobiotic compounds contrasted with physico-chemical strategies in terms of money-related costs, efficiency, energy efficiency, versatility and simplicity to apply and seems to be the environment sound solution. The key factor for successful bioremediation involves selecting appropriate microbes with high capability of pollutant degradation. Microorganisms like fungi, bacteria and yeast are considered as promising dynamic remarkable microbes involved in biodegradation of petroleum aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.

In this paper, we define the concepts of a fuzzy soft pretopological space, a fuzzy soft interior function, a fuzzy soft pre ۔open set, a fuzzy soft pre ۔closed set, the trace of a fuzzy soft pretopology and study some of its properties. Also the fuzzy soft preneighbourhood system at a soft point, the degree of soft non−vacuity and the soft  −cut are defined and fuzzy soft pretopologies were generated by fuzzy soft preneighbourhoods.

In this paper, we define the concepts of a fuzzy soft pretopological space, a fuzzy soft interior function, a fuzzy soft pre ۔open set, a fuzzy soft pre ۔closed set, the trace of a fuzzy soft pretopology and study some of its properties. Also the fuzzy soft preneighbourhood system at a soft point, the degree of soft non−vacuity and the soft  −cut are defined and fuzzy soft pretopologies were generated by fuzzy soft preneighbourhoods.

In this paper, a series of catalysts of (0.5–10 wt%) Ce2(MoO4)3 supported on SiO2 gel were synthesized via a precipitation assisted impregnation method. The original and calcined catalysts were extensively characterized by TG-DTA, TEM, XRD, FTIR, N2 sorption analysis and acidity measurements. The catalytic activity successfully tested for the direct dehydrogenation of methanol into formaldehyde. Results revealed that, the complete conversion of methanol, with selectively of 100%, to formaldehyde was achieved at 350 °C and about 95% conversion obtained at 325 °C. In addition, a strong correlation between the catalytic activity and acidity was observed. Moreover, the moderate strength of Brønsted acid sites created on the surface of catalyst plays the main role in the production of formaldehyde. Finally, the catalyst exhibited a unique stability towards anhydrous formaldehyde formation up to a duration time of 200 h.

In this paper, a series of catalysts of (0.5–10 wt%) Ce2(MoO4)3 supported on SiO2 gel were synthesized via a precipitation assisted impregnation method. The original and calcined catalysts were extensively characterized by TG-DTA, TEM, XRD, FTIR, N2 sorption analysis and acidity measurements. The catalytic activity successfully tested for the direct dehydrogenation of methanol into formaldehyde. Results revealed that, the complete conversion of methanol, with selectively of 100%, to formaldehyde was achieved at 350 °C and about 95% conversion obtained at 325 °C. In addition, a strong correlation between the catalytic activity and acidity was observed. Moreover, the moderate strength of Brønsted acid sites created on the surface of catalyst plays the main role in the production of formaldehyde. Finally, the catalyst exhibited a unique stability towards anhydrous formaldehyde formation up to a duration time of 200 h.

The present study investigates the hemotoxic and cytotoxic impacts of two acute doses of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the African catfish, Clarias garepinus in comparison to the impact of AgNO3 and the control fish. AgNPs-induced impacts were recorded on some biological and hematological indices of that species on the bases of their size (20 and 40 nm) and concentration (10 and 100 µg) but no significant interaction. AgNO3 had very low impact on these indices in comparison to AgNPs. Recovery period for 15 days was found to be valid to remove AgNPs and AgNO3 toxicity for most indices. The condition factor exhibited stability under stress whereas the hepatosomatic index was more sensitive to AgNPs. The AgNPs-induced hematological changes recorded were corresponding with different blood cell alterations which increased in frequency from the control and AgNO3 to 40 nm/100 µg; such blood cell alterations disappeared to great extent after recovery period of 15-days in a reverse order

The present study investigates the hemotoxic and cytotoxic impacts of two acute doses of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the African catfish, Clarias garepinus in comparison to the impact of AgNO3 and the control fish. AgNPs-induced impacts were recorded on some biological and hematological indices of that species on the bases of their size (20 and 40 nm) and concentration (10 and 100 µg) but no significant interaction. AgNO3 had very low impact on these indices in comparison to AgNPs. Recovery period for 15 days was found to be valid to remove AgNPs and AgNO3 toxicity for most indices. The condition factor exhibited stability under stress whereas the hepatosomatic index was more sensitive to AgNPs. The AgNPs-induced hematological changes recorded were corresponding with different blood cell alterations which increased in frequency from the control and AgNO3 to 40 nm/100 µg; such blood cell alterations disappeared to great extent after recovery period of 15-days in a reverse order