Boron (B) toxicity is an important environmental constraint that limits crop productivity. Salicylic acid (SA) and thiamin participate in the processes underlying plant adaptations to certain types of abiotic and biotic stress. This study aimed to investigate the individual and combined effects of SA or thiamin and B on physiological attributes of wheat under normal and B toxicity conditions. Seeds were soaked in SA or thiamin and excess B was applied for 10-day after planting the seedlings. Growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, B and some elements concentrations, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, other free amino acids, soluble proteins, and carbohydrates were measured. Application of SA or thiamin showed an increase in tolerance towards high B as indicated by H2O2, amino acids, soluble proteins, and carbohydrates contents. The results support the conclusion that SA and thiamin alleviate B toxicity not at the level of B content but by affecting other elements and osmo-protective metabolite.

Boron (B) toxicity is an important environmental constraint that limits crop productivity. Salicylic acid (SA) and thiamin participate in the processes underlying plant adaptations to certain types of abiotic and biotic stress. This study aimed to investigate the individual and combined effects of SA or thiamin and B on physiological attributes of wheat under normal and B toxicity conditions. Seeds were soaked in SA or thiamin and excess B was applied for 10-day after planting the seedlings. Growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, B and some elements concentrations, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, other free amino acids, soluble proteins, and carbohydrates were measured. Application of SA or thiamin showed an increase in tolerance towards high B as indicated by H2O2, amino acids, soluble proteins, and carbohydrates contents. The results support the conclusion that SA and thiamin alleviate B toxicity not at the level of B content but by affecting other elements and osmo-protective metabolite.

NULL

Nanoparticle assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (NPs-ALDI-MS) shows remarkable characteristics and has a promising future in terms of real sample analysis. The incorporation of NPs can advance several methods including surface assisted LDI-MS, and surface enhanced LDI-MS. These methods have advanced the detection of many thermally labile and nonvolatile biomolecules. Nanoparticles circumvent the drawbacks of conventional organic matrices for the analysis of small molecules. In most cases, NPs offer a clear background without interfering peaks, absence of fragmentation of thermally labile molecules, and allow the ionization of species with weak noncovalent interactions. Furthermore, an enhancement in sensitivity and selectivity can be achieved. NPs enable straightforward analysis of target species in a complex sample. This review (with 239 refs.) covers the progress made in laser-based mass spectrometry in combination with the use of metallic NPs (such as AuNPs, AgNPs, PtNPs, and PdNPs), NPs consisting of oxides and chalcogenides, silicon-based NPs, carbon-based nanomaterials, quantum dots, and metal-organic frameworks.

Nowadays, petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants keep on being a genuine natural worry because of the managed development of petroleum oil extraction, related generation which ends up noticeably with ecological issue. The expanding in industrial progression causes expanding in a petroleum-essential product consistently to cover the human needs. Continuous growing, development and improvement of industrial exercises over the whole world make petroleum-based products the most significant issue in this century. Oil spills frequently happen by mishaps amid pumping, transportation and refining. Nearness of these petrochemicals in the environment makes huge risks to human health for their lethal, mutagenic, cancer-causing impacts and their capacity of aggregation in food chain. Researchers keep searching for sustainable remediation techniques for polluted sites. As of now physical and chemical remediation advances are by all accounts facing a few issues like transferring pollutants from one phase to another and not having the ability for complete removal of contaminants which turn into another problem. Among the varieties of the remediation techniques, microbial utilization of microorganisms in biodegradation processes demonstrated the achievement in degrading xenobiotic compounds contrasted with physico-chemical strategies in terms of money-related costs, efficiency, energy efficiency, versatility and simplicity to apply and seems to be the environment sound solution. The key factor for successful bioremediation involves selecting appropriate microbes with high capability of pollutant degradation. Microorganisms like fungi, bacteria and yeast are considered as promising dynamic remarkable microbes involved in biodegradation of petroleum aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Nowadays, petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants keep on being a genuine natural worry because of the managed development of petroleum oil extraction, related generation which ends up noticeably with ecological issue. The expanding in industrial progression causes expanding in a petroleum-essential product consistently to cover the human needs. Continuous growing, development and improvement of industrial exercises over the whole world make petroleum-based products the most significant issue in this century. Oil spills frequently happen by mishaps amid pumping, transportation and refining. Nearness of these petrochemicals in the environment makes huge risks to human health for their lethal, mutagenic, cancer-causing impacts and their capacity of aggregation in food chain. Researchers keep searching for sustainable remediation techniques for polluted sites. As of now physical and chemical remediation advances are by all accounts facing a few issues like transferring pollutants from one phase to another and not having the ability for complete removal of contaminants which turn into another problem. Among the varieties of the remediation techniques, microbial utilization of microorganisms in biodegradation processes demonstrated the achievement in degrading xenobiotic compounds contrasted with physico-chemical strategies in terms of money-related costs, efficiency, energy efficiency, versatility and simplicity to apply and seems to be the environment sound solution. The key factor for successful bioremediation involves selecting appropriate microbes with high capability of pollutant degradation. Microorganisms like fungi, bacteria and yeast are considered as promising dynamic remarkable microbes involved in biodegradation of petroleum aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.

In this paper, we define the concepts of a fuzzy soft pretopological space, a fuzzy soft interior function, a fuzzy soft pre ۔open set, a fuzzy soft pre ۔closed set, the trace of a fuzzy soft pretopology and study some of its properties. Also the fuzzy soft preneighbourhood system at a soft point, the degree of soft non−vacuity and the soft  −cut are defined and fuzzy soft pretopologies were generated by fuzzy soft preneighbourhoods.

In this paper, we define the concepts of a fuzzy soft pretopological space, a fuzzy soft interior function, a fuzzy soft pre ۔open set, a fuzzy soft pre ۔closed set, the trace of a fuzzy soft pretopology and study some of its properties. Also the fuzzy soft preneighbourhood system at a soft point, the degree of soft non−vacuity and the soft  −cut are defined and fuzzy soft pretopologies were generated by fuzzy soft preneighbourhoods.

In this paper, a series of catalysts of (0.5–10 wt%) Ce2(MoO4)3 supported on SiO2 gel were synthesized via a precipitation assisted impregnation method. The original and calcined catalysts were extensively characterized by TG-DTA, TEM, XRD, FTIR, N2 sorption analysis and acidity measurements. The catalytic activity successfully tested for the direct dehydrogenation of methanol into formaldehyde. Results revealed that, the complete conversion of methanol, with selectively of 100%, to formaldehyde was achieved at 350 °C and about 95% conversion obtained at 325 °C. In addition, a strong correlation between the catalytic activity and acidity was observed. Moreover, the moderate strength of Brønsted acid sites created on the surface of catalyst plays the main role in the production of formaldehyde. Finally, the catalyst exhibited a unique stability towards anhydrous formaldehyde formation up to a duration time of 200 h.

In this paper, a series of catalysts of (0.5–10 wt%) Ce2(MoO4)3 supported on SiO2 gel were synthesized via a precipitation assisted impregnation method. The original and calcined catalysts were extensively characterized by TG-DTA, TEM, XRD, FTIR, N2 sorption analysis and acidity measurements. The catalytic activity successfully tested for the direct dehydrogenation of methanol into formaldehyde. Results revealed that, the complete conversion of methanol, with selectively of 100%, to formaldehyde was achieved at 350 °C and about 95% conversion obtained at 325 °C. In addition, a strong correlation between the catalytic activity and acidity was observed. Moreover, the moderate strength of Brønsted acid sites created on the surface of catalyst plays the main role in the production of formaldehyde. Finally, the catalyst exhibited a unique stability towards anhydrous formaldehyde formation up to a duration time of 200 h.