Nowadays, petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants keep on being a genuine natural worry because of the managed development of petroleum oil extraction, related generation which ends up noticeably with ecological issue. The expanding in industrial progression causes expanding in a petroleum-essential product consistently to cover the human needs. Continuous growing, development and improvement of industrial exercises over the whole world make petroleum-based products the most significant issue in this century. Oil spills frequently happen by mishaps amid pumping, transportation and refining. Nearness of these petrochemicals in the environment makes huge risks to human health for their lethal, mutagenic, cancer-causing impacts and their capacity of aggregation in food chain. Researchers keep searching for sustainable remediation techniques for polluted sites. As of now physical and chemical remediation advances are by all accounts facing a few issues like transferring pollutants from one phase to another and not having the ability for complete removal of contaminants which turn into another problem. Among the varieties of the remediation techniques, microbial utilization of microorganisms in biodegradation processes demonstrated the achievement in degrading xenobiotic compounds contrasted with physico-chemical strategies in terms of money-related costs, efficiency, energy efficiency, versatility and simplicity to apply and seems to be the environment sound solution. The key factor for successful bioremediation involves selecting appropriate microbes with high capability of pollutant degradation. Microorganisms like fungi, bacteria and yeast are considered as promising dynamic remarkable microbes involved in biodegradation of petroleum aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.