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CuO(S1) Single pure component nanoparticles (SPCNPs), Ag/CuO(S2) binary component hybrid nanoparticles (BCHNPS), Co1/Ag/CuO (S3), and Co2/Ag/CuO(S4) ternary component hybrid nanoparticles (TCHNPS) were synthesized via co-precipitation method. Several spectroscopic methods investigated the characterization of the prepared catalysts. Based on Crystal properties, CuO exhibit a monoclinic phase (tenorite); the grain size of the prepared samples was 28.15 nm, 29.42 nm, 27.86 nm, and 26.67 nmfor S1, S2, S3, and S4 respectively. The addition of different content from Co as a dopant to silver decorated CuO gives a clear change to a flake shape. The presence of the IR absorption peaks in the region 400–600 cm−1 matched to the distinctive stretching vibrations of Cu– Obonds in the monoclinic phase structure of CuO. Disappearance of the Raman peaks of CuOand appearing of the new characteristic peaks of cobalt oxide confirms the doping process. Using DRS analysis, arrange of the bandgap values were S1>S2>S3>S4. For the synthetic methyl orange and raw industrial dye, the photodegradation parameters were measured. The results show the excellent activity of Co2/Ag/CuO NPS compared with other samples. Electrical studies of the catalysts show a higher value for the dielectric constant in the higher and lower frequency regions for the sample S4. The hopping process of the charge carrier’s improving as a result of the increase of applied field frequency which leads to an increase in the material conductivity.

CuO(S1) Single pure component nanoparticles (SPCNPs), Ag/CuO(S2) binary component hybrid nanoparticles (BCHNPS), Co1/Ag/CuO (S3), and Co2/Ag/CuO(S4) ternary component hybrid nanoparticles (TCHNPS) were synthesized via co-precipitation method. Several spectroscopic methods investigated the characterization of the prepared catalysts. Based on Crystal properties, CuO exhibit a monoclinic phase (tenorite); the grain size of the prepared samples was 28.15 nm, 29.42 nm, 27.86 nm, and 26.67 nmfor S1, S2, S3, and S4 respectively. The addition of different content from Co as a dopant to silver decorated CuO gives a clear change to a flake shape. The presence of the IR absorption peaks in the region 400–600 cm−1 matched to the distinctive stretching vibrations of Cu– Obonds in the monoclinic phase structure of CuO. Disappearance of the Raman peaks of CuOand appearing of the new characteristic peaks of cobalt oxide confirms the doping process. Using DRS analysis, arrange of the bandgap values were S1>S2>S3>S4. For the synthetic methyl orange and raw industrial dye, the photodegradation parameters were measured. The results show the excellent activity of Co2/Ag/CuO NPS compared with other samples. Electrical studies of the catalysts show a higher value for the dielectric constant in the higher and lower frequency regions for the sample S4. The hopping process of the charge carrier’s improving as a result of the increase of applied field frequency which leads to an increase in the material conductivity.

Four glass samples P1-2xNa1-2xO3-4xPbx where (x ¼ 0, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2) have been synthesized by melt quenching mechanism. Using thermal evaporation technique, a thin film of each glass was prepared. Our results show that the morphology of these films was studied through Atomic Force Microscopy. The lead content increases the diameter of the circular agglomerated shapes, which increases the homogeneity of the sample surface. On the other hand, Raman spectra of these films indicate that, the characteristic peaks of phosphate glass are shifted broadened and their intensities decreased which indicated to the effect of the lead content. The optical band gaps, index of refractivity, dielectric constant and optical dielectric constant have been inspected from the UVVIS spectrum. Our conceptions elucidated that the transition form in these films is allowed in indirect way with 3.1 eV energy gap value which improved to 3.5 eV at x ¼ 0.2. Moreover, the dispersal in the index of refractivity was calculated according to the oscillator pattern.

Four glass samples P1-2xNa1-2xO3-4xPbx where (x ¼ 0, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2) have been synthesized by melt quenching mechanism. Using thermal evaporation technique, a thin film of each glass was prepared. Our results show that the morphology of these films was studied through Atomic Force Microscopy. The lead content increases the diameter of the circular agglomerated shapes, which increases the homogeneity of the sample surface. On the other hand, Raman spectra of these films indicate that, the characteristic peaks of phosphate glass are shifted broadened and their intensities decreased which indicated to the effect of the lead content. The optical band gaps, index of refractivity, dielectric constant and optical dielectric constant have been inspected from the UVVIS spectrum. Our conceptions elucidated that the transition form in these films is allowed in indirect way with 3.1 eV energy gap value which improved to 3.5 eV at x ¼ 0.2. Moreover, the dispersal in the index of refractivity was calculated according to the oscillator pattern.

New heterometallic complex [NiCu(NO3)2(H2O)2] (1) was prepared via the reaction of aqueoussolutions of (oxalic acid, nickel nitrate and copper nitrate). Mixed oxide CuO-NiO was suc-cessfully obtained with different morphological structures (2) and (3) through the annealingof 1 at different temperature 300◦C and 600◦C, respectively. The materials were charac-terized using FT-IR, TGA, XRD and SEM. As showed from XRD data, with increasing thecalcination temperature the crystallinity of CuO-NiO in sample 3 was improved and thediffraction peaks exhibited narrower and stronger than CuO-NiO in sample 2. The averagesize of CuO-NiO crystals obtained was calculated from Debye-Scherrer equation and foundto be 16.65 nm. To assemble the working electrode of 2-aminophenol (2-AP) chemical sensor,a thin layer of CuO-NiO NPs was deposited on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with conduct-ing binder and used to detect 2-AP in aqueous medium successfully. The chemical sensor isexhibited the higher stability, good sensitivity (20.2729 AmM−1cm−2) and enhanced elec-trochemical activity at room conditions. Therefore, the fabricated chemical sensor withactive CuO-NiO NPs may be an effective and sensitive sensor for detection of hazardousmaterials by reliable I–V method for broad scales environmental safety of and healthcaresectors.

New heterometallic complex [NiCu(NO3)2(H2O)2] (1) was prepared via the reaction of aqueoussolutions of (oxalic acid, nickel nitrate and copper nitrate). Mixed oxide CuO-NiO was suc-cessfully obtained with different morphological structures (2) and (3) through the annealingof 1 at different temperature 300◦C and 600◦C, respectively. The materials were charac-terized using FT-IR, TGA, XRD and SEM. As showed from XRD data, with increasing thecalcination temperature the crystallinity of CuO-NiO in sample 3 was improved and thediffraction peaks exhibited narrower and stronger than CuO-NiO in sample 2. The averagesize of CuO-NiO crystals obtained was calculated from Debye-Scherrer equation and foundto be 16.65 nm. To assemble the working electrode of 2-aminophenol (2-AP) chemical sensor,a thin layer of CuO-NiO NPs was deposited on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with conduct-ing binder and used to detect 2-AP in aqueous medium successfully. The chemical sensor isexhibited the higher stability, good sensitivity (20.2729 AmM−1cm−2) and enhanced elec-trochemical activity at room conditions. Therefore, the fabricated chemical sensor withactive CuO-NiO NPs may be an effective and sensitive sensor for detection of hazardousmaterials by reliable I–V method for broad scales environmental safety of and healthcaresectors.