using the sonochemical method. X-ray diffraction patterns proved the formation of the ZnS cubic phase without
any phase separation with the doping process. The dependence of the crystallite size and the internal micro-strain on the dopant type was demonstrated. Optical absorption spectra of doped ZnS NPs revealed a decrease in the optical band gap due to the formation of extended defect states below the conduction band. Photoluminescence spectra of the doped samples revealed the enhancement of visible light emission intensity compared with the as-prepared ZnS NPs. The AC electrical properties of the trivalent elements doped ZnS NPs were studied at room temperature in the frequency range from 2 kHz to 1 MHz, where In-doped ZnS NPs had the lowest dielectric constant and largest conductivity compared with the other samples.

Hybrid nanocomposites (NCs) of Mn₃O₄ nanorods and 2D materials (MoS₂ or graphene) nanosheets are successfully deposited on nickel foam porous substrate at room temperature using a one-step kinetic spray process in low-vacuum conditions. Mn₃O₄ -based NCs are utilized for the electrocatalytic detection of H₂O₂ in 0.1 M NaOH. The synergy improvement between the Mn₃O₄ nanorods and either MoS₂ or graphene nanosheets improved the non-enzymatic detection of H₂O₂. All modified electrodes exhibit a wide linear detection range from 0.2 to 1 mM.  The working electrodes with Mn₃O₄ nanorods reveal high sensitivity of 2320 mA·mM^-1·cm ^-2 toward H₂O₂ reduction. The hybridization between  Mn₃O₄ nanorods and either MoS₂ or graphene enhances the electrocatalytic reduction sensitivity to 3220 or 5400 mA·mM^-1·cm^-2, respectively. Furthermore, the modified electrodes with the Mn₃O₄-2D material hybrid NCs exhibited high electrocatalytic reduction selectivity for H₂O₂ in 0.1 M NaOH compared with other interfering species.

The principal aim of this paper to study the recursion formulas for the Horns hypergeometric functions of three variables. Earlier in [Shehata, A.; and Moustafa, S.I. Some new results for Horn's hypergeometric functions ?1 and ?2. Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science, (2021), 23 (1), 26{35.], and Pathan et al. [Pathan, M.A.; Shehata, A.; and Moustafa, S.I. Certain new formulas for the Horns hypergeometric functions. Acta Uni-
versitatis Apulensis, (2020)] have studied the new results for Horns hypergeometric functions. Motivated by the above works here we will derive some contiguous relation for the families of Horn hypergeometric functions GA, GB, GC, GD and GC of three variables. After that we will establish the differential reclusion relations and dierential operators for GA, GB, GC, GD and GC of three variables, respectively.

Plastic pollution poses a global threat to aquatic organisms, yet its effect on many species remains poorly docu-mented and understood. This study addresses the impact caused by different sizes of polyethylene (PE) plasticson the common carp and evaluates their multi-biomarkers response. We investigated the histological structureand measurement of biochemical alterations, antioxidant enzymes, immunological responses, andfluctuationsin blood profiles of the organisms after 15 days of exposure to a concentration of 100 mg/L of nano- (NPs),micro- (MPs) and macroplastics (MaPs). Thefish health status was altered in the sole presence of PE particles.All biomarkers changed after exposure compared to the control group, with larger changes being observedwith the decreasing size of particles (NPs > MPs> MaPs) compared to theirabsence.A synergistic effect resultingfrom the individual impact of plastics penetration in the circulatory system, bursting biochemical responses, andlesions in tissues, might explain the more considerable impact of NPs compared to MPs and/or MaPs.

This study examines the potential defending effects of the diatom, Amphora coffeaeformis, as a feed additive versus the
deleterious effects (mainly on gonads) caused by microplastics (MPs) in Nile tilapia, Oreochromes niloticus. Groups of male
tilapia were pre-fed diets with four different supplementation levels of A. coffeaeformis (0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%) for 70 days,
then exposed to 10 mg/L MPs for 15 days. Thereafter, samples were taken from the four experimental groups and the control
fish group, for evaluating blood picture, erythrocytes alterations, biochemical parameters, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase
(SDO), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). In addition, male reproductive performance was assessed by quantifying the
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (T), also testicular sections and GSI% were also
assessed. The results showed that the number of leucocytes were significantly (p < 0.05) higher, but the number of red blood
cells (RBCs), the level of Hemoglobin (Hb), the percentage of Hematocrit (Ht), the number of platelets, and the eosinophil
percentages were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) when fish exposed to MPs. Biochemical parameters (ALP, glucose, uric acid,
albumin, and A/G ratio) were significantly increased after MP exposure compared with the control group. Furthermore, MPs
induced a significant decline in both serum LH and T levels. Testicular, histological, degenerative changes and testis-ova were
found in the MP-exposed fish. Thus, A. coffeaeformis supplementation displayed ameliorative properties that detoxified the
negative effects of MPs. This study provides a better understanding of the reproductive injuries caused by MPs exposure and
evidence for the use of A. coffeaeformis as a natural remedy in freshwater tilapia.

Geologic investigation on the basement rocks exposed around Wadi Shait revealed that they constitute part of a fold thrust nappes comprising Gardan ophiolitic mélange structural unit (GOM) exposed in a tectonic contact against the Shait granite complex (SGC). Both units are brittly to ductily deformed, and are partially intruded by the calc-alkaline Hamash granodiorite, Dokhan volcanics, post-orogenic alkali granite and the Natash volcanics. Litholgically, the GOM builds up a stack of sliced sequence comprising low-grade regionally metamorphosed epiclastic, volcanogenic pyroclastic, basic and intermediate lava flows and structurally topped by metagabbro and hornblende metagabbro slices. On the other hand, the SGC is composed mainly of mesocratic tonalite, minor leucocratic trondhjemite, granodiorite and monzogranite. The latter occurs as dyke-like masses intruding the outcrops of the other rock varieties. This lithologic association denotes that the SGC constitutes a widely evolved complex in which the early members are deep-seated, calc-alkaline and I-type whereas the later members are shallower and clearly intrusive. Field data revealed that the stacking nature and consequently uplifting of the SGC were related to late orogenic extension associated with shortening phases controlled by Najd transformed faults. Detailed field mapping and petrographic studies carried out on the Wadi Shait area show evidence of polyphase deformation (D1-D4) affecting the SGC in addition to three metamorphic events (M1,M2 and M3) affecting the GOM.

The calcareous deposits were affected by syn-sedimentary (lamination, bedding, convolute, ripplemarks, pseudo-nodule) and post-sedimentary structure (diaclase, fault, and desiccation crack). Lamination and bedding expressed by color variation and granulometry are linked to a calm period of sedimentation and seasonal fluctuations and are periodically affected by seismic shocks giving the convolute bedding and pseudo-nodules. The presence of symmetrical ripple marks and desiccation cracks indicate respectively back and forth water movements and periodic phases of emersion characteristics of lacustrine to swampy environments. According to geochemistry data, the major element composition classifies the studied samples as shales and wackes. High LREE/HREE ratios (9.07–13.08; average: 11.77); slight positive and negative Eu anomaly (0.98–1.11); Al2O3/TiO2 ratios (16.52–21.87; average: 19.73), Th/Co ratios (1.24–4.18; average: 2.26), La/Sc versus Th/Co and Zr versus TiO2 plots indicate sediments derived from felsic rocks. The K2O/Na2O ratios (0.24–1.90; average: 1.01); index of compositional variability (0.88–1.35); PIA (64.94–98.42) and the Zr/Sc versus Th/Sc diagram indicate that the source rocks have experienced globally a moderate recycling and sorting as well as moderate weathering. The chemical index of alteration values and the SiO2 versus Al2O3 ÅK2OÅNa2O diagram could indicate relatively warm and arid to semi-arid climate during deposition of sediments. The Sr/Ba (0.22–2.01; average: 0.58) ratios indicate a variant salinity. The Y/Ho (Ç40) and U/Th (Ç0.75) suggest respectively nonmarine environment and oxic conditions. The Djerem continental sub-basin would not have undergone marine influences yet known in the Nigeria basins of Benue.

Twenty-four subsurface samples from the Lower Eocene Thebes Formation in the north Gulf of Suez underwent organic geochemical and petrographic analyses. The aim is to evaluate the hydrocarbon source rock potential and understand the organic facies composition of this pre-rift formation, which received little attention. The Thebes Formation is a potential hydrocarbon source rock in the area of the GS 24–1 well with an average TOC of 1.52 wt% (range 0.51–4.23 wt%). The organic geochemical (HI/OI and Pr/Ph vs Pr/n-C17) and petrographic analyses revealed that the organic matter of this conventionally known marine source rock is made up of both marine and terrestrial sources in the Abu Darag sub-basin. The predominant kerogen type II is comprised mainly of liptinitic (dinoflagellate cysts and amorphous organic matter: AOM) and subordinate vitrinitic macerals, which produced mixed cyclo and normal alkanes and some aromatics when subjected to pyrochromatography. The average Tmax value of 428 ◦C and UV fluorescence of the palynomorphs and AOM indicate that the organic matter has entered the early oil-window stage. The tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Abu Darag sub-basin affected the Thebes Formation source rock quality. More exploration activities across this sub-basin are needed to fully explore the organic facies composition and hydrocarbon potential of the Thebes Formation.

Integrated palynological, lithological, and geophysical analyses of the Lower Cretaceous (upper Hauterivian- Aptian) in Matruh Basin enabled conducting a high-resolution sequence stratigraphic analysis. Fluctuations of the continental/marine palynomorphs ratio reflect changes in the Tethyan 3rd order sea levels and are mirrored by eminent vertical changes in the spontaneous potential and the lithofacies. These are used with abundance of the marine phytoplanktons and opaque/translucent phytoclasts ratio to identify three 3rd order (SQ1: 132.4–120.8 Ma, SQ2: 120.8–115.2 Ma, and SQ3: 115.2–113 Ma) and seven 4th order genetic sequences and to study the impact of the allogenic and autogenic processes on their deposition. Deposition of the deltaic clastic systems tracts of the lower-middle Alam El Bueib (late Hauterivian-early Barremian) and Dahab (late Aptian) formations reflect the interaction between the regional humid climate and the Tethyan 3rd order sea levels, which superimposed the Tethyan 2nd order sea level. Interferences of
minor regional tectonics were also important. The argillaceous deposits possess large amounts of terrestrial organic matter of low hydrogen index (HI: 185.8–211.5 mg HC/g TOC) indicating gas organic facies. These deposits show relatively high organic richness (1.81–2.50 TOC wt %) due to relatively low sediment dilution and water circulation (i.e. suboxic-anoxic conditions) and high primary productivity due to high riverine nutrient
inputs.

       Deposition of the inner-middle shelf clastic-carbonate systems tracts of the upper Alam El Bueib and Alamein formations (latest Barremian-middle Aptian) reflects the interaction between the climatically induced low terrigenous influx and carbonate sedimentation due to shift to relatively dry climate, changes in the Tethyan 3rd order sea levels, and the middle Aptian regional minor uplift. These systems tracts show relatively large amounts of terrestrial organic matter, a notable marine organic matter signature, and intermediate HI (283.1–239.0 mg HC/g TOC) indicating gas/oil organic facies. The shales and siltstones are relatively organic richer (1.88–2.28 TOC wt %) than the pure and the argillaceous dolostones (1.46–1.94 TOC wt %). This organic richness is related to combined low sedimentation rates, low water circulation (i.e. dysoxic-suboxic to suboxic-anoxic conditions), and relatively high primary productivity.
      Overall, the Tethyan sea level changes, regional climate, and regional tectonics played a major role in the deposition of the organic-rich syn-rift Lower Cretaceous deposits in Matruh Basin.

Reworked detrital sediments were discovered in the syn-rift to post-rift Cretaceous to Quaternary (Pleistocene) detrital deposits of the Douala coastal sub-basin in the eastern margin of the South Atlantic Ocean at West Cameroon. This contribution presents the geochemical, mineralogical, and sedimentological data to constrain the
origin of these reworked sediments. The investigated samples are characterized by the high values of Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA, 97.83–99.90), Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA, 71.9–99.08), and Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW, 98.67–99.90). Data gleaned from these indices suggest that the reworked sediments and their potential source rocks experienced severe weathering. The A-CN-K plot along with the mineralogical indicates a probably post-depositional K-enrichment. The high light rare earth elements (LREE)/heavy rare earth elements (HREE) ratios (15.82–79.13) suggest that the reworked were mainly derived from felsic igneous rocks. This interpretation is further confirmed by the Zr versus TiO2, TiO2/Al2O3, Th/Co versus La/Sc, and La/Th versus Th/Yb plots, which indicate felsic igneous and silicic source rocks. Meanwhile, the high variability of LREE/HREE ratios (15.82–79.13) and the positive Eu anomalies (1.10–1.32) of studied samples could indicate a little contribution of mafic source rocks. Analysis of the distribution
of the heavy minerals (e.g. tourmaline, aluminum silicate, and rutile) revealed that these felsic and silicic source rocks are mainly granite and gneiss, probably belonging to the Nyong Group and the Western part of the Neoproterozoic Yaounde Group. The morphoscopic analyses of the host rocks (very angular to angular shapes) have revealed that the reworked sediments have proximal to subproximal onshore origins, probably from former sedimentary deposits, as is indicated by variation of their color. The tectonic discriminant diagram indicates the Oceanic Island Arc and Active Continental Margin which are inconsistent with the geological history of the Douala coastal sub-basin and could be explained by the recycling effect experienced
by studied sediments which have been deposited in the coastal plain to the fluvial environment in the Low System Track context.