Papilionoideae is the most species-rich subfamily of Fabaceae. Within Papilionoideae, the “core genistoids” comprise many genera of the tribes Podalyrieae, Thermopsideae, Euchresteae, Crotalarieae, Genisteae, and part of Sophoreae. Seed macro- and micro-morphological characters and seed storage proteins of 12 Egyptian species belonging to three tribes of the core genistoides (Sophoreae, Crotalarieae, and Genisteae) were examined using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Seed shape, size, surface topography, hilum characteristics, epidermal cell patterns, periclinal cell walls, and anticlinal cell boundaries are described here. Seed protein profiles show variable banding patterns with molecular weights ranging from approximately 5 to 270 kDa. Multivariate analyses based on seed morphology and storage proteins elucidate the phenetic relationships among the investigated species at both the tribal and intrageneric levels. 
The taxonomic and phylogenetic implications of multivariate analyses are compared with previous and current systematic treatments of the genera within the three tribes. Our results confirm the high taxonomic importance of seed morphology in distinguishing among the investigated species. A key to the species using seed macro- and micro-morphological characters is presented.

A comparative analysis of geodetic versus seismic moment-rate estimations makes it possible to distinguish between seismic and aseismic deformation, define the style of deformation, and also to reveal potential seismic gaps. This analysis has been performed for Egypt where the present-day tectonics and seismicity result from the long-lasting interaction between the Nubian, Eurasian, and Arabian plates. The data used comprises all available geological and tectonic information, an updated Poissonian earthquake catalog (2200 B.C.-2020 A.D.) including historical and instrumental datasets, a focal-mechanism solutions catalog (1951-2019), and crustal geodetic strains from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data. The studied region was divided into ten (EG-01 to EG-10) crustal seismic sources based mainly on seismicity, focal mechanisms, and geodetic strain characteristics. The delimited seismic sources cover the Gulf of Aqaba-Dead Sea Transform Fault system, the Gulf of Suez-Red Sea Rift, besides some potential seismic active regions along the Nile River and its delta. For each seismic source, the estimation of seismic and geodetic moment-rates has been performed. Although the obtained results cannot be considered to be definitive, among the delimited sources, four of them (EG-05, EG-06, EG-08, and EG-10) are characterized by low seismic-geodetic moment-rate ratios (<20%), reflecting a prevailing aseismic behavior. Intermediate moment-rate ratios (from 20% to 60%) have been obtained in four additional zones (EG-01, EG-04, EG-07, and EG-09), evidencing how the seismicity accounts for a minor to a moderate fraction of the total deformational budget. In the other two sources (EG-02 and EG-03), high seismic-geodetic moment-rates ratios (>60%) have been observed, reflecting a fully seismic deformation.

Abstract
Papilionoideae is the most species-rich subfamily of Fabaceae. Within Papilionoideae, the “core genistoids” comprise many
genera of the tribes Podalyrieae, Thermopsideae, Euchresteae, Crotalarieae, Genisteae, and part of Sophoreae. Seed macroand
micro-morphological characters and seed storage proteins of 12 Egyptian species belonging to three tribes of the core
genistoides (Sophoreae, Crotalarieae, and Genisteae) were examined using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy,
and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Seed shape, size, surface topography, hilum characteristics, epidermal cell patterns, periclinal
cell walls, and anticlinal cell boundaries are described here. Seed protein profiles show variable banding patterns with
molecular weights ranging from approximately 5 to 270 kDa. Multivariate analyses based on seed morphology and storage
proteins elucidate the phenetic relationships among the investigated species at both the tribal and intrageneric levels.
The taxonomic and phylogenetic implications of multivariate analyses are compared with previous and current systematic
treatments of the genera within the three tribes. Our results confirm the high taxonomic importance of seed morphology in
distinguishing among the investigated species. A key to the species using seed macro- and micro-morphological characters
is presented

Aim

Male reproductive toxicity is becoming of growing significance due to clinical chemotherapy usage. Methotrexate (MTX) is an anti-folate used on a large scale for different tumors and autoimmune conditions. Despite its wide clinical use, MTX is associated with severe testicular intoxication. The exact underlying mechanism is unclear.

Methods

Our study was conducted to explore the pathogenesis mechanism of MTX-induced testicular damage and the potential testicular protective effects of apocynin (APO) on testicular injury induced by single i.p. MTX (20 mg/kg). APO was administered orally (100 mg/kg) for ten days.

Results

As compared to rats given MTX alone, co-administration of MTX with APO demonstrated multiple beneficial effects evidenced by a marked increase in testosterone, FSH, and LH and significantly restored testes histopathological alterations. Mechanistically, APO restored antioxidant status through up-regulation of Nrf2, cytoglobin, PPAR-γ, SIRT1, AKT, and p-AKT, while effectively lowering Keap-1. Moreover, APO significantly attenuated inflammation by down-regulating NF-κB-p65, iNOS, and TLR4 expressions confirmed by in-silico evidence. Additionally, network pharmacology analysis, a bioinformatics approach, was used to decipher various cellular processes' molecular mechanisms.

Significance

The current investigation proves the beneficial effects of APO in MTX-associated testicular damage through activation of cytoglobin, Keap-1/Nrf2/AKT, PPAR-γ, SIRT1, and suppressing of TLR4/NF-κB-p65 signal. Our data collectively encourage extending the investigation to the clinical setting to explore APO effects in MTX-treated patients.

Insects use sex pheromones as a reproductive isolating mechanism to attract conspecifics

and repel heterospecifics. Despite the profound knowledge of sex pheromones, little is known

about the coevolutionary mechanisms and constraints on their production and detection.

Using whole-genome sequences to infer the kinship among 99 drosophilids, we investigate

how phylogenetic and chemical traits have interacted at a wide evolutionary timescale.

Through a series of chemical syntheses and electrophysiological recordings, we identify 52

sex-specific compounds, many of which are detected via olfaction. Behavioral analyses reveal

that many of the 43 male-specific compounds are transferred to the female during copulation

and mediate female receptivity and/or male courtship inhibition. Measurement of phylogenetic

signals demonstrates that sex pheromones and their cognate olfactory channels evolve

rapidly and independently over evolutionary time to guarantee efficient intra- and interspecific

communication systems. Our results show how sexual isolation barriers between

species can be reinforced by species-specific olfactory signals.

The concepts of β-continuity and D(c, β)-continuity are considered and studied fuzzifying continuity in fuzzifying topology and by making use of these concepts, some decompositions of fuzzy continuity are introduced.

The concepts of fuzzy semi-continuity and fuzzy csemi-continuity are introduced and studied essentially in order to decompose fuzzy continuity in fuzzifying topology. Furthermore, the concept of csemi-neighborhood system is presented and by making use of it a fuzzifying topology is introduced and so a comparison of motivated types of fuzzy continuity are pointed out.