The effect of anodization parameters, e.g. anodizing voltage, anodizing current, duration time, electrolyte temperature, electrolyte type and concentration, on the volume expansion of anodized Al, Al-1wt%Si and Al-1%Cu thin films have been studied. The volume expansion factor of anodic porous alumina is found to vary from 1.32 to 2.08, depending on the anodizing voltage, anodizing current density and electrolyte type. The electrolyte temperature and impurity type have slight effect on the volume expansion factor. The relation between the pore density of porous alumina and the anodizing voltage is found to follow the relation NP=9.4×1010exp(-0.042V). In addition, the current efficiency during the anodization was determined to be about 83%.

An electrochemical anodic adsorptive stripping procedure for ultra-trace assay of 3-hydroxyflavone (3HF) and
Morin at a renewable pencil electrode (PGE) in bulk form and in biological fluids is described. The nature of the
oxidation process of 3HF and Morin taking place at the PGE was characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The results
show that the determination of the oxidation peak current is the basis of a simple, accurate and rapid method for
quantification of 3HF by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry. Determination of Morin was achieved by
square-wave anodic adsorptive stripping voltammetry of the formed MorinCu(II) complex at a PGE. Factors influencing
the trace measurements of 3HF and the MorinCu (II) complex at a PGE are assessed. The limits of detection
and quantitation for the determination of 3HF and Morin in bulk form and in biological fluids were determined.
The statistical analysis and the calibration curve data for trace determination of 3HF and Morin are reported.

An electrochemical anodic adsorptive stripping procedure for ultra-trace assay of 3-hydroxyflavone (3HF) and
Morin at a renewable pencil electrode (PGE) in bulk form and in biological fluids is described. The nature of the
oxidation process of 3HF and Morin taking place at the PGE was characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The results
show that the determination of the oxidation peak current is the basis of a simple, accurate and rapid method for
quantification of 3HF by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry. Determination of Morin was achieved by
square-wave anodic adsorptive stripping voltammetry of the formed MorinCu(II) complex at a PGE. Factors influencing
the trace measurements of 3HF and the MorinCu (II) complex at a PGE are assessed. The limits of detection
and quantitation for the determination of 3HF and Morin in bulk form and in biological fluids were determined.
The statistical analysis and the calibration curve data for trace determination of 3HF and Morin are reported.

The crystallization process of Se87.5 Te10 Sn2.5 glassy was studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA)
technique under non-isothermal condition at various heating rates. The crystallization parameters were calculated
using different models. The validity of the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami (JMA) model to describe the crystallization
process for the studied composition was discussed. Results obtained by directly fitting the
experimental DTA data to the calculated DTA curves indicate that the crystallization process of Se87.5 Te10
Sn2.5 glass cannot be satisfactorily described by the JMA model. On the other hand, kinetic parameters of
both the peak crystallization temperature Tp and the glass transition temperature Tg are significantly
influenced by the heating rate. Simulation results indicate that the Sestak–Berggren (SB) model is more suitable
to describe the crystallization kinetics. The crystalline phases were identified by using X-ray diffraction
technique (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).