Groundwater exploration in the area northwest of Qena using electrical resistivity survey.

Groundwater exploration in the area northwest of Qena using electrical resistivity survey.

The studied area lies in the central eastern desert of Egypt west of Marsa Alam. It is limited by the latitudes 24° 30ˋ and 25° 30ˋ N and the longitudes 33° 00ˋ and 34° 30ˋE.The main aim of this study is to estimate the basement depth, the basement relief and consequently the thickness of the sedimentary cover in the study area. This study aims also to delineate the surface and subsurface structures within the study area at different subsurface levels. To achieve this study, the aeromagnetic data, geological information and the published studies on the study area were used. Basement Depth estimation is carried out by using the spectral analysis and Euler deconvolution techniques. The basement depth computed using the spectral analysis technique indicate depth values range between 1 and 2.1 Km. The greatest depth appears in the west, whereas the shallow depths predominate in the middle part while the basement is outcropping in the east . The depths of Euler anomalies range from <250 m to >1750 m. Most of the Euler anomalies coincide with the geomagnetic contacts. The surface and subsurface structural trends affecting the studied area were traced. Surface structural trends were traced from the geological map of Egypt (EGPC and CONOCO, 1987). The most important deduced surface structural trends are; ENE-WSW, NW-SE and N-S. Subsurface structural trends were traced from the reduced to the pole magnetic map, the second vertical derivative map and the downward continuation map at level 200 m of the study area. The main structural trends interpreted from the analysis of the aeromagnetic data arranged in decreasing order of abundance are; ENE-WSW, NW-SE and E-W trends

The Nubian Aquifer System (NAS) is the world´s largest fossil water aquifer system which has been non-renewable source and in a transient condition. And even groundwater has been identified as the biggest future source of water to meet growing demands and development goals in each country. And although, is found in very huge amounts and very good quality within the area of interest, but in the same time it is also found at great depths and can be un-economic. This was the motivation or the trigger to initiate this work. Water scarcity increases globally with increasing world population and decreasing of fresh water resources. This problem is magnified in the arid and semi-arid regions like the area under investigation. In Kharga Oasis,( the southeastern part of the Western Desert ,Egypt between latitudes 24° 20′ and 25° 40′ N and longitudes 30° 30′ and 30° 45′ E) surface water resources are not present and the rainfall is virtually zero. Therefore, the oasis depends exclusively on the water supply from the wells, which tap the NAS. Groundwater is the primary and the sole source of water supply in this area. Along with this comes the over-extraction of existing water resources to sustain water supply for the ever increasing demand. The basic objective of this present issue is trying to make evaluation for the NAS in Kharga oasis by the estimation of the hydraulic parameters (The coefficient of storage and Transmissivity) from the field data. This approach was proposed to 1) evaluate the geological and hydrogeological data and information which has accumulated in the past decades in the study area, in order to define the geological and hydro-geological framework, 2) Give a particular picture on the groundwater availability and extraction stresses, 3) examine the effects of development activities on groundwater resources, 4) Give solutions and scenarios for the proposed groundwater utilization in the future based on the groundwater availability and demand. This research is an attempt to investigate and evaluate the potentiality and properties of the NAS within Kharga oasis. Several pumping tests were used for this purpose. The quality of the groundwater of the Nubian Aquifer System in the area of interest was investigated and the proper chemical analysis for all purposes was achieved.

The Nubian Aquifer System (NAS) is the world´s largest fossil water aquifer system which has been non-renewable source and in a transient condition. And even groundwater has been identified as the biggest future source of water to meet growing demands and development goals in each country. And although, is found in very huge amounts and very good quality within the area of interest, but in the same time it is also found at great depths and can be un-economic. This was the motivation or the trigger to initiate this work. Water scarcity increases globally with increasing world population and decreasing of fresh water resources. This problem is magnified in the arid and semi-arid regions like the area under investigation. In Kharga Oasis,( the southeastern part of the Western Desert ,Egypt between latitudes 24° 20′ and 25° 40′ N and longitudes 30° 30′ and 30° 45′ E) surface water resources are not present and the rainfall is virtually zero. Therefore, the oasis depends exclusively on the water supply from the wells, which tap the NAS. Groundwater is the primary and the sole source of water supply in this area. Along with this comes the over-extraction of existing water resources to sustain water supply for the ever increasing demand. The basic objective of this present issue is trying to make evaluation for the NAS in Kharga oasis by the estimation of the hydraulic parameters (The coefficient of storage and Transmissivity) from the field data. This approach was proposed to 1) evaluate the geological and hydrogeological data and information which has accumulated in the past decades in the study area, in order to define the geological and hydro-geological framework, 2) Give a particular picture on the groundwater availability and extraction stresses, 3) examine the effects of development activities on groundwater resources, 4) Give solutions and scenarios for the proposed groundwater utilization in the future based on the groundwater availability and demand. This research is an attempt to investigate and evaluate the potentiality and properties of the NAS within Kharga oasis. Several pumping tests were used for this purpose. The quality of the groundwater of the Nubian Aquifer System in the area of interest was investigated and the proper chemical analysis for all purposes was achieved.

The Nubian Aquifer System (NAS) is the world´s largest fossil water aquifer system which has been non-renewable source and in a transient condition. And even groundwater has been identified as the biggest future source of water to meet growing demands and development goals in each country. And although, is found in very huge amounts and very good quality within the area of interest, but in the same time it is also found at great depths and can be un-economic. This was the motivation or the trigger to initiate this work. Water scarcity increases globally with increasing world population and decreasing of fresh water resources. This problem is magnified in the arid and semi-arid regions like the area under investigation. In Kharga Oasis,( the southeastern part of the Western Desert ,Egypt between latitudes 24° 20′ and 25° 40′ N and longitudes 30° 30′ and 30° 45′ E) surface water resources are not present and the rainfall is virtually zero. Therefore, the oasis depends exclusively on the water supply from the wells, which tap the NAS. Groundwater is the primary and the sole source of water supply in this area. Along with this comes the over-extraction of existing water resources to sustain water supply for the ever increasing demand. The basic objective of this present issue is trying to make evaluation for the NAS in Kharga oasis by the estimation of the hydraulic parameters (The coefficient of storage and Transmissivity) from the field data. This approach was proposed to 1) evaluate the geological and hydrogeological data and information which has accumulated in the past decades in the study area, in order to define the geological and hydro-geological framework, 2) Give a particular picture on the groundwater availability and extraction stresses, 3) examine the effects of development activities on groundwater resources, 4) Give solutions and scenarios for the proposed groundwater utilization in the future based on the groundwater availability and demand. This research is an attempt to investigate and evaluate the potentiality and properties of the NAS within Kharga oasis. Several pumping tests were used for this purpose. The quality of the groundwater of the Nubian Aquifer System in the area of interest was investigated and the proper chemical analysis for all purposes was achieved.

The study area lies to the south of El-Dakhla Oasis in the central part of the Western Desert, Egypt. It is limited by the latitudes 24°-25°N and the longitudes 28°- 30°E. The main purpose of this work is the investigation of the subsurface structure and the delineation of the main structural elements at different subsurface levels. This study aims also to estimate the basement depth, the basement relief and consequently the thickness of the sedimentary cover. The study is based on acquired aeromagnetic data prepared by "La Compagnie General De Géophysique" for the Egyptian General Petroleum Company (EGPC) and CONOCO (1977), geological information and results of the previous studies in the region.
The study involves the analysis for the aeromagnetic data and generating of reduced to pole magnetic map from which different magnetic maps are calculated. The calculated maps are first vertical derivative map and downward continuation map at depth level 400 m. Trend analysis technique used to define the fault pattern affecting the studied area at different subsurface levels. It is applied to the reduced to pole magnetic map, the first vertical derivative map and the downward continuation map at depth level 400 m of the study area. All results obtained from the interpretation process were combined together to draw the general view of the subsurface structures of the area. The NE-SW, the E-W and the N-S trends are important surface and subsurface (basement) structural trends. This is attributed to that there is a rejuvenation of movements on these old (basement) tectonic trends after the deposition of the sedimentary cover
Basement depth calculation from the aeromagnetic data is achieved using different techniques. The applied techniques included; natural spectral analysis and Euler Deconvolution. The depth values obtained vary from 400 m to 1700 m.

The study area lies to the south of El-Dakhla Oasis in the central part of the Western Desert, Egypt. It is limited by the latitudes 24°-25°N and the longitudes 28°- 30°E. The main purpose of this work is the investigation of the subsurface structure and the delineation of the main structural elements at different subsurface levels. This study aims also to estimate the basement depth, the basement relief and consequently the thickness of the sedimentary cover. The study is based on acquired aeromagnetic data prepared by "La Compagnie General De Géophysique" for the Egyptian General Petroleum Company (EGPC) and CONOCO (1977), geological information and results of the previous studies in the region.
The study involves the analysis for the aeromagnetic data and generating of reduced to pole magnetic map from which different magnetic maps are calculated. The calculated maps are first vertical derivative map and downward continuation map at depth level 400 m. Trend analysis technique used to define the fault pattern affecting the studied area at different subsurface levels. It is applied to the reduced to pole magnetic map, the first vertical derivative map and the downward continuation map at depth level 400 m of the study area. All results obtained from the interpretation process were combined together to draw the general view of the subsurface structures of the area. The NE-SW, the E-W and the N-S trends are important surface and subsurface (basement) structural trends. This is attributed to that there is a rejuvenation of movements on these old (basement) tectonic trends after the deposition of the sedimentary cover
Basement depth calculation from the aeromagnetic data is achieved using different techniques. The applied techniques included; natural spectral analysis and Euler Deconvolution. The depth values obtained vary from 400 m to 1700 m.