The Shaitian granite complex (SGC) spans more than 80 Ma of crustal growth in the Arabian–Nubian Shield in southeast Egypt. It is a voluminous composite intrusion (60 km²) comprising a host tonalite massif intruded by subordinate dyke-like masses of trondhjemite, granodiorite and monzogranite. The host tonalite, in turn, encloses several, fine-grained amphibolite enclaves. U-Pb zircon dating indicates a wide range of crystallization ages within the SGC (800 ± 18 Ma for tonalites; 754 ± 3.9 Ma for trondhjemite; 738 ± 3.8 Ma for granodiorite; and 717 ± 3.2 Ma for monzogranite), suggesting crystallization of independent magma pulses. The high positive ε_Ndi (+6–+8) indicate that the melting sources were dominated by juvenile material without any significant input from older crust. Application of zircon saturation geothermometry indicates increasing temperatures during the generation of melts from 745 ± 31 °C for tonalite to 810 ± 25 °C for trondhjemite; 840 ± 10 °C for granodiorite; and 868 ± 10 °C for monzogranite. The pressure of partial melting is loosely constrained to be below the stability of residual garnet (<10 kbar) as inferred from the almost flat HREE pattern ((Gd/Lu)_N = 0.9–1.1), but >3 kbar for the stability of residual amphibole as inferred from the significantly lower Nb_N and Ta_N compared with LREE_N and the sub-chondrite Nb/Ta ratios exhibited by the granitic phases. The inverse relation between the generation temperatures and the ages estimates of the granitoid lithologies argue against a significant role of fractional crystallization. The major and trace element contents indicate the emplacement of the SGC within a subduction zone setting. It lacks distinctive features for melt derived from a subducted slab (e.g. high Sr/Y and high (La/Yb)_N ratios), and the relatively low MgO and Ni contents in all granite phases within the SGC suggest melting within the lower crust of an island arc overlying a mantle wedge. Comparison with melts produced during melting experiments indicates an amphibolite of basaltic composition is the best candidate as source for the tonalite, trondhjemite and granodiorite magmas whereas the monzogranite magma is most consistent with fusion of a tonalite protolith. Given the overlapping Sm-Nd isotope ratios as well as several trace element ratios between monzogranite and tonalite samples, it is reasonable to suggest that the renewed basaltic underplating may have caused partial melting of tonalite and the emplacement of monzogranite melt within the SGC. The emplacement of potassic granite (monzogranite) melts subsequent to the emplacement of Na-rich granites (tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite) most likely suggests major crustal thickening prior arc collision and amalgamation into the over thickened proto-crust of the Arabian-Nubian shield. Eventually, after complete consolidation, the whole SGC was subjected to regional deformation, most probably during accretion to the Saharan Metacraton (arc–continent collisions) in the late Cryogenian -Ediacaran times (650–542 Ma).

Geologic investigation on the basement rocks exposed around Wadi Shait revealed that they constitute part of a fold thrust nappes comprising Gardan ophiolitic mélange structural unit (GOM) exposed in a tectonic contact against the Shait granite complex (SGC). Both units are brittly to ductily deformed, and are partially intruded by the calc-alkaline Hamash granodiorite, Dokhan volcanics, post-orogenic alkali granite and the Natash volcanics. Litholgically, the GOM builds up a stack of sliced sequence comprising low-grade regionally metamorphosed epiclastic, volcanogenic pyroclastic, basic and intermediate lava flows and structurally topped by metagabbro and hornblende metagabbro slices. On the other hand, the SGC is composed mainly of mesocratic tonalite, minor leucocratic trondhjemite, granodiorite and monzogranite. The latter occurs as dyke-like masses intruding the outcrops of the other rock varieties. This lithologic association denotes that the SGC constitutes a widely evolved complex in which the early members are deep-seated, calc-alkaline and I-type whereas the later members are shallower and clearly intrusive. Field data revealed that the stacking nature and consequently uplifting of the SGC were related to late orogenic extension associated with shortening phases controlled by Najd transformed faults. Detailed field mapping and petrographic studies carried out on the Wadi Shait area show evidence of polyphase deformation (D1-D4) affecting the SGC in addition to three metamorphic events (M1,M2 and M3) affecting the GOM.

Febuxostat is an antihyperuricemic drug used for the treatment of hyperuricemia in patients with chronic gout. Hence, in this work, there was an impetus to construct a sensitive electrochemical sensor for the detection of febuxostat (FBX) drug in human plasma of patients. A novel electrochemical sensor was successfully fabricated based on gold nanoparticles decorated functionalized carbon nanofibers AuNPs@f-CNFs modified pencil graphite rod electrode (PGRE) to determine FBX drug. The new sensor showed a superior performance in terms of a wide linear range (0.03–77 µM) with high sensitivity (5.9 μA μM⁻¹ cm⁻²). The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of FBX were deliberated to be 12.7 nM and 42.5 nM, respectively. Furthermore, electrochemical sensing of FBX in the presence of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid was examined. The fabricated electrode directly paved the new way for the electrochemical quantification of FBX in pharmaceutical formulations, plasma of patients with gout and human biological fluids. Finally, the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method was performed to validate the reliability of the proposed method.

In this paper the concepts of fuzzifying β −irresolute functions and fuzzifying β-compact spaces are characterized in terms of fuzzifying β-open sets and some of their properties are discussed.

©2006  Shiraz University.

New classes of sets called Ω-closed sets and Ωs-closed sets are introduced and studied. Also, we introduce and study Ω-continuous functions and Ωs-continuous functions and prove pasting lemma for these functions. Moreover, we introduce classes of topological spaces called Ω-T_1/2 and Ω-T_s.

@ 2005 Akade´miai Kiado´, Budapest.

In this paper we introduce and study the concept of semi compactness in the framework of fuzzifying topology. We use the finite intersection property to give a characterization of the fuzzifying semi compactness.

@2005 The Pakistan Academy of Sciences.

In this paper, the theory of γ -convergence, and cγ -convergence on nets
and filters is established in fuzzifying topology. Some important and interesting
results in fuzzifying topology are obtained by means of the theory.

@2005 The Pakistan Academy of Sciences.

In (2000), Zahran has introduced the concepts of -open sets, almost continuity and -continuity in fuzzifying topology. In this note we show that Lemma 2.2 and Theorem 2.4 are incorrect.

@ 2004 Elsevier Science B.V.
 

In the present paper we introduce and study pre-T₀-, pre-R₀-, pre-T₁-, pre-R₁-, pre-T₂ (pre-Hausdorff)-, pre-T₃ (pre-regularity)-,  pre-T₄ (pre-normality), )-, pre-strongT₃- and pre-strong T₄ -separation axioms in fuzzifying topology and
give some of their characterizations as well as the relations of these axioms and other separation axioms in fuzzifying topology introduced by Shen [7].

We introduce the concept of a fuzzifying proximity and study some properties of fuzzifying proximities - in particular we show how a fuzzifying proximity on
a set X naturally induces a fuzzifying topology on the same set. Besides, the concept of a strong fuzzifying uniformity (which is a certain modification of Ying’s concept of a fuzzifying uniformity ([4])) is introduced. Some relations between fuzzifying proximities, strong fuzzifying uniformities and corresponding fuzzifying topologies are established. In particular, we show that the fuzzifying topology induced by the fuzzifying proximity and the fuzzifying topology induced by the strong fuzzifying uniformity are coincide.