3-Cyano-5-ethoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-4-(2′-thienyl)-pyridine-2(1H)-thione (1) is synthesized and reacted with chloroacetamide or chloroacetonitrile to give 3-amino-5-ethoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-4(2′-thienyl)-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide 3a or its 2-carbonitrile analog 3b, respectively. Cyclocondensation of 3a with triethylorthoformate produced the corresponding pyridothienopyrimidineone 4, which on heating with phosphorus oxychloride gave 4-chloropyrimidine derivative 5. Compound 5 was used as key intermediate for synthesizing compounds 6, 9, 10, 11, and 12 upon treatment with some nucleophilic reagents such as thiourea, 5-phenyl-s-triazole-3(1H)-thione, piperidine, morpholine, or hydrazine hydrate, respectively. Reaction of pyridothienopyrimidinethione 6 with N-(4-tolyl)-2-chloroacetamide or ethyl bromoacetate afforded the corresponding S-substituted methylsulfanylpyrimidines 7 or 8. The condensation of 3b with triethylorthoformate gave azomethine derivative 13, which was reacted with hydrazine hydrate to give ethyl 3-amino-3,4-dihydro-4-imino-7-methyl-9-(2′-thienyl)pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-8-carboxylate (14). Compounds 12 and 14 were used as precursors for synthesizing other new thienylpyridothienopyrimidines as well as isomeric thienyl-s-triazolopyridothieno- pyrimidines. All synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental and spectral analyses such as IR, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR. In addition, majority of synthesized compounds were tested for their antifungal activity against five strains of fungi. Moreover, compounds 3a, 5, 6, 8, and 22 were screened for their anticancer activity against HEPG-2 and MCF-7 cell lines.

Undoped and (Ni, Co, and Mn)-doped ZnS nanoparticles (NPs) are successfully synthesized by a  sonochemical assisted co-precipitation technique. XRD patterns reveal the incorporation of dopant ions by substitution of Zn
ions. Ni ions induce growth rate enhancement and the increase of crystallite size, whereas Co and Mn ions slow
down the growth rate and caused the decrease of the corresponding crystallite size. The UV–visible absorption
spectra exhibit a decrease in the optical band gap for all doped samples. The photoluminescence spectra of Co and Mn-doped ZnS NPs show an improvement in the visible light, whereas Ni-doping results in a slight decrease
in the emission intensity allover the spectral range. The room-temperature ferromagnetism of ZnS NPs is strongly
improved by Ni- and Co-doping and slightly enhanced by Mn-doping. The AC conductivity of ZnS NPS is
enhanced by Ni- and Co-doping and decreased by Mn-doping in the frequency range from 2 kHz to 1 MHz.

using the sonochemical method. X-ray diffraction patterns proved the formation of the ZnS cubic phase without
any phase separation with the doping process. The dependence of the crystallite size and the internal micro-strain on the dopant type was demonstrated. Optical absorption spectra of doped ZnS NPs revealed a decrease in the optical band gap due to the formation of extended defect states below the conduction band. Photoluminescence spectra of the doped samples revealed the enhancement of visible light emission intensity compared with the as-prepared ZnS NPs. The AC electrical properties of the trivalent elements doped ZnS NPs were studied at room temperature in the frequency range from 2 kHz to 1 MHz, where In-doped ZnS NPs had the lowest dielectric constant and largest conductivity compared with the other samples.

Hybrid nanocomposites (NCs) of Mn₃O₄ nanorods and 2D materials (MoS₂ or graphene) nanosheets are successfully deposited on nickel foam porous substrate at room temperature using a one-step kinetic spray process in low-vacuum conditions. Mn₃O₄ -based NCs are utilized for the electrocatalytic detection of H₂O₂ in 0.1 M NaOH. The synergy improvement between the Mn₃O₄ nanorods and either MoS₂ or graphene nanosheets improved the non-enzymatic detection of H₂O₂. All modified electrodes exhibit a wide linear detection range from 0.2 to 1 mM.  The working electrodes with Mn₃O₄ nanorods reveal high sensitivity of 2320 mA·mM^-1·cm ^-2 toward H₂O₂ reduction. The hybridization between  Mn₃O₄ nanorods and either MoS₂ or graphene enhances the electrocatalytic reduction sensitivity to 3220 or 5400 mA·mM^-1·cm^-2, respectively. Furthermore, the modified electrodes with the Mn₃O₄-2D material hybrid NCs exhibited high electrocatalytic reduction selectivity for H₂O₂ in 0.1 M NaOH compared with other interfering species.

The principal aim of this paper to study the recursion formulas for the Horns hypergeometric functions of three variables. Earlier in [Shehata, A.; and Moustafa, S.I. Some new results for Horn's hypergeometric functions ?1 and ?2. Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science, (2021), 23 (1), 26{35.], and Pathan et al. [Pathan, M.A.; Shehata, A.; and Moustafa, S.I. Certain new formulas for the Horns hypergeometric functions. Acta Uni-
versitatis Apulensis, (2020)] have studied the new results for Horns hypergeometric functions. Motivated by the above works here we will derive some contiguous relation for the families of Horn hypergeometric functions GA, GB, GC, GD and GC of three variables. After that we will establish the differential reclusion relations and dierential operators for GA, GB, GC, GD and GC of three variables, respectively.

Plastic pollution poses a global threat to aquatic organisms, yet its effect on many species remains poorly docu-mented and understood. This study addresses the impact caused by different sizes of polyethylene (PE) plasticson the common carp and evaluates their multi-biomarkers response. We investigated the histological structureand measurement of biochemical alterations, antioxidant enzymes, immunological responses, andfluctuationsin blood profiles of the organisms after 15 days of exposure to a concentration of 100 mg/L of nano- (NPs),micro- (MPs) and macroplastics (MaPs). Thefish health status was altered in the sole presence of PE particles.All biomarkers changed after exposure compared to the control group, with larger changes being observedwith the decreasing size of particles (NPs > MPs> MaPs) compared to theirabsence.A synergistic effect resultingfrom the individual impact of plastics penetration in the circulatory system, bursting biochemical responses, andlesions in tissues, might explain the more considerable impact of NPs compared to MPs and/or MaPs.

This study examines the potential defending effects of the diatom, Amphora coffeaeformis, as a feed additive versus the
deleterious effects (mainly on gonads) caused by microplastics (MPs) in Nile tilapia, Oreochromes niloticus. Groups of male
tilapia were pre-fed diets with four different supplementation levels of A. coffeaeformis (0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%) for 70 days,
then exposed to 10 mg/L MPs for 15 days. Thereafter, samples were taken from the four experimental groups and the control
fish group, for evaluating blood picture, erythrocytes alterations, biochemical parameters, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase
(SDO), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). In addition, male reproductive performance was assessed by quantifying the
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (T), also testicular sections and GSI% were also
assessed. The results showed that the number of leucocytes were significantly (p < 0.05) higher, but the number of red blood
cells (RBCs), the level of Hemoglobin (Hb), the percentage of Hematocrit (Ht), the number of platelets, and the eosinophil
percentages were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) when fish exposed to MPs. Biochemical parameters (ALP, glucose, uric acid,
albumin, and A/G ratio) were significantly increased after MP exposure compared with the control group. Furthermore, MPs
induced a significant decline in both serum LH and T levels. Testicular, histological, degenerative changes and testis-ova were
found in the MP-exposed fish. Thus, A. coffeaeformis supplementation displayed ameliorative properties that detoxified the
negative effects of MPs. This study provides a better understanding of the reproductive injuries caused by MPs exposure and
evidence for the use of A. coffeaeformis as a natural remedy in freshwater tilapia.

Geologic investigation on the basement rocks exposed around Wadi Shait revealed that they constitute part of a fold thrust nappes comprising Gardan ophiolitic mélange structural unit (GOM) exposed in a tectonic contact against the Shait granite complex (SGC). Both units are brittly to ductily deformed, and are partially intruded by the calc-alkaline Hamash granodiorite, Dokhan volcanics, post-orogenic alkali granite and the Natash volcanics. Litholgically, the GOM builds up a stack of sliced sequence comprising low-grade regionally metamorphosed epiclastic, volcanogenic pyroclastic, basic and intermediate lava flows and structurally topped by metagabbro and hornblende metagabbro slices. On the other hand, the SGC is composed mainly of mesocratic tonalite, minor leucocratic trondhjemite, granodiorite and monzogranite. The latter occurs as dyke-like masses intruding the outcrops of the other rock varieties. This lithologic association denotes that the SGC constitutes a widely evolved complex in which the early members are deep-seated, calc-alkaline and I-type whereas the later members are shallower and clearly intrusive. Field data revealed that the stacking nature and consequently uplifting of the SGC were related to late orogenic extension associated with shortening phases controlled by Najd transformed faults. Detailed field mapping and petrographic studies carried out on the Wadi Shait area show evidence of polyphase deformation (D1-D4) affecting the SGC in addition to three metamorphic events (M1,M2 and M3) affecting the GOM.

The calcareous deposits were affected by syn-sedimentary (lamination, bedding, convolute, ripplemarks, pseudo-nodule) and post-sedimentary structure (diaclase, fault, and desiccation crack). Lamination and bedding expressed by color variation and granulometry are linked to a calm period of sedimentation and seasonal fluctuations and are periodically affected by seismic shocks giving the convolute bedding and pseudo-nodules. The presence of symmetrical ripple marks and desiccation cracks indicate respectively back and forth water movements and periodic phases of emersion characteristics of lacustrine to swampy environments. According to geochemistry data, the major element composition classifies the studied samples as shales and wackes. High LREE/HREE ratios (9.07–13.08; average: 11.77); slight positive and negative Eu anomaly (0.98–1.11); Al2O3/TiO2 ratios (16.52–21.87; average: 19.73), Th/Co ratios (1.24–4.18; average: 2.26), La/Sc versus Th/Co and Zr versus TiO2 plots indicate sediments derived from felsic rocks. The K2O/Na2O ratios (0.24–1.90; average: 1.01); index of compositional variability (0.88–1.35); PIA (64.94–98.42) and the Zr/Sc versus Th/Sc diagram indicate that the source rocks have experienced globally a moderate recycling and sorting as well as moderate weathering. The chemical index of alteration values and the SiO2 versus Al2O3 ÅK2OÅNa2O diagram could indicate relatively warm and arid to semi-arid climate during deposition of sediments. The Sr/Ba (0.22–2.01; average: 0.58) ratios indicate a variant salinity. The Y/Ho (Ç40) and U/Th (Ç0.75) suggest respectively nonmarine environment and oxic conditions. The Djerem continental sub-basin would not have undergone marine influences yet known in the Nigeria basins of Benue.

Twenty-four subsurface samples from the Lower Eocene Thebes Formation in the north Gulf of Suez underwent organic geochemical and petrographic analyses. The aim is to evaluate the hydrocarbon source rock potential and understand the organic facies composition of this pre-rift formation, which received little attention. The Thebes Formation is a potential hydrocarbon source rock in the area of the GS 24–1 well with an average TOC of 1.52 wt% (range 0.51–4.23 wt%). The organic geochemical (HI/OI and Pr/Ph vs Pr/n-C17) and petrographic analyses revealed that the organic matter of this conventionally known marine source rock is made up of both marine and terrestrial sources in the Abu Darag sub-basin. The predominant kerogen type II is comprised mainly of liptinitic (dinoflagellate cysts and amorphous organic matter: AOM) and subordinate vitrinitic macerals, which produced mixed cyclo and normal alkanes and some aromatics when subjected to pyrochromatography. The average Tmax value of 428 ◦C and UV fluorescence of the palynomorphs and AOM indicate that the organic matter has entered the early oil-window stage. The tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Abu Darag sub-basin affected the Thebes Formation source rock quality. More exploration activities across this sub-basin are needed to fully explore the organic facies composition and hydrocarbon potential of the Thebes Formation.