This work reported the structure and optical investigations of CdS_1−xMn_x (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10) thin films. The thin films of CdS_1−xMn_x with different compositions were synthesized using electron beam evaporation method under high vacuum conditions at room temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed the polycrystalline nature of the deposited films. The observed diffraction peaks were well fitted with a hexagonal crystal structure. In addition, the intensity of XRD peaks decreased by increasing the Mn concentration indicating a monotonical deterioration in the crystalline quality by the doping. The (101) plane is the preferential orientation for the crystal growth of the studied films. The film thickness as well as a refractive index were calculated by Swanepoel’s method. The direct and indirect electronic transitions were found to be responsible for the high absorption process in the studied films. Furthermore, both direct and indirect bandgaps decreased with increasing the Mn content. Other optical parameters such as optical conductivity, real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant, dispersion energy, and dissipation factor were determined and showed a strong dependence on the Mn content. These findings were discussed in terms of the localized states.

The ¹⁷F, ¹⁷O + ²⁰⁸Pb elastic scattering at 90.4 and 78 MeV (just below coulomb barrier), respectively, are analyzed within the framework of the double folding approach. The folded potentials are constructed by folding the density independent M3Y effective nucleon-nucleon interaction over the nucleon density distribution of ¹⁷F and its mirror ¹⁷O nuclei. Gaussian oscillator (GO) density distribution is considered to represent the (core¹⁶O+nucleon) structure for ¹⁷F and ¹⁷O. The knock-on exchange potentials are introduced to construct the real semi-microscopic potentials. The imaginary potentials are supplemented to derive potentials in two forms: either phenomenological Woods-Saxon (WS) or the same form as real folded potentials and different strengths. Moreover, the analysis of ¹⁹F, ¹⁶O + ²⁰⁸Pb elastic scattering at 91, 78 MeV energies, in that order, is applied in comparison to the ¹⁷F, ¹⁷O + ²⁰⁸Pb systems in an endeavor to investigate the behavior and properties of ¹⁷F and ¹⁷O projectiles.

In the context of the double folding optical model, the elastic and inelastic scattering of ⁹Be + ¹²⁰Sn at E_lab (⁹Be) = 31, 42 and 50 MeV and ^9,10,11Be + ⁶⁴Zn elastic scattering at E_c.m. = 24.5 MeV are investigated. Real folded potentials are generated using the DDM3Y interaction based on the suggested density distributions for the ^9,10,11Be nuclei. The imaginary potential is taken in the traditional standard Woods–Saxon form. Coupled channel (CC) calculations using a rotational model are performed for ⁹Be inelastically scattered from ¹²⁰Sn, leading to different ¹²⁰Sn excited states. Successful reproduction of the observed angular distributions of the elastic and inelastic scattering differential cross-sections has been achieved using the derived potentials. Special attention is paid to the previously suggested (3−131−, E_x = 2.40 MeV) ¹²⁰Sn excited state in order to present the contributions come from - 3−131− at 2.40030(5) MeV, 2+323+ at 2.42090(3) MeV, 2+222+ at 2.355383(24) MeV, and 4+141+ at 2.465632(23) MeV—in forming the inelastic data observed at E_x = 2.41 MeV.

In the context of the double folding optical model, the strong refractive effect for elastic scattering of ¹¹Li + ¹²C and ¹¹Li + ²⁸Si systems at incident energies of 29, 50, and 60 MeV/n is studied. Real folded potentials are generated based on a variety of nucleon-nucleon interactions with the suggested density distributions for the halo structure of ¹¹Li nuclei. The rearrangement term (RT) of the extended realistic density dependent CDM3Y6 effective interaction is considered. The imaginary potential was taken in the traditional standard Woods-Saxon form. Satisfactory results for the calculated potentials are obtained, with a slight effect of the RT in CDM3Y6 potential. Successful reproduction with a normalization factor close to one for the observed angular distributions of the elastic scattering differential cross section has been achieved using the derived potentials. The obtained reaction cross-section is studied as a guide by extrapolating our calculations and previous results.

In this work, the elastic scattering of ⁶Li+2828Si system at wide range energies from 76 to 318MeV is analyzed. The analysis is carried out in the framework of the optical model (OM). Two different methods are adopted for nuclear optical potential of this system. The first method is the double folding cluster (DFC) for the real part supplied with an imaginary part in the Woods–Saxon (WS) form.

Whatman® cellulosic filter paper was used as a substrate for the synthesis of two zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs); ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 with and without 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine oxoammonium salt (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofibril (TOCNF). All synthesis procedures take place at room temperature via a one-pot procedure. The synthesis steps were followed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR). Data indicated the formation of metal oxide that converted to a pure phase of ZIFs after the addition of the organic linker i.e. 2-methyl imidazole (Hmim). The materials were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, and X-ray photoelectron microscope (XPS). Data analysis confirms the synthesis of ZIFs into Whatman® filter paper. The materials were used for the reduction of pollutants such as 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) compound to 4-aminophenol (4-AP). The materials exhibit high potential for water treatment and may open new exploration for hybrid materials consisting of cellulose and ZIFs.

Acetamiprid (ACP) is a widespread used insecticide belonging to neonicotinoids (NNs) that are introduced for
controlling pests, and for domestic use to control fleas on cats and dogs. The current experiment pertains to a
comprehensive overview of the toxic effects of acetamiprid and the protective role of folic acid against reproductive,
hematological, histopathological and biochemical toxicity induced by ACP during 5 weeks. Male Albino
rats were divided into four groups of seven each: First group served as control rats (CL group); Second group
received acetamiprid (ACP group) (10 mg/Kg body weight) by oral gavage. Third group received both acetamiprid
and folic acid (ACP + FA group) (2 mg/Kg body weight); Fourth group received folic acid (FA group) (2
mg/Kg body weight). Exposure of rats to acetamiprid caused significant changes in the reproductive indices as it
cause a significant decrease in the sperm count, viability and motility. Furthermore, reproductive hormones such
as testosterone and gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH) were found significantly decreased in acetamiprid
treated group. In addition, acetamiprid administration causes significant changes of some hematological and
immunological parameters (red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), platelet (Plt), white blood cells (WBCs),
lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, IgG, IgM and IgA) in treated rats compared to controls. Significant
increases in the levels of hepatic markers enzymes (aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase
(ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in acetamiprid treated group, as well as severe toxic effect was found on the
liver and kidney after acetamiprid delivery according to the histopathological examinations which were
confirmed after applying histological, histochemical, and Immunohistochemistry tests. The most conspicuous
histopathological changes occurred on the liver and kidney of the acetamiprid treated group represented in the
liver by fatty liver cells, leukocytic infiltration, and hemorrhage while in kidney tissues revealed tubular atrophy,
dense eosinophilic cytoplasm and dilated congested blood vessels. Both liver and kidney tissues showed an increase
in the amount of collagenous fibers and immune reactivity of fatty acid synthase. Moreover, other markers
such as uric acid and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were significantly decreased in acetamiprid treated rats.
Co-administration of folic acid to the third group restored all the parameters cited above to near-normal values.
Therefore, our investigation revealed that acetamiprid induce severe toxicity on different body systems and
parameters and folic acid appeared to be a promising agent for protection against acetamiprid-induced toxicity.

Recent years have reported a rise in the occurrence of gastric ulceration especially among young children
and adults. This study investigated the mechanism by which two types of Saudi honey: Alnahal Aljawal
honey (Wadi) or Bin Ghaithan honey (Talh) exerted their antiulcer potential in indomethacin-induced
gastric ulceration. Four cohorts of rats were used: Group 1; Healthy controls, Group 2; Ulcerative animals,
Group 3; Ulcerative + Wadi honey treatment, Group 4; Ulcerative + Talh honey treatment. We profiled
the levels of different indicators of oxidative stress including the activities of gastric mucosal glutathione
superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation
(measured as malondialdehyde; MDA). CRP content, IL-10, and plasma tumor necrosis factor-a
were also evaluated. The stomach was visually examined for macroscopic lesions and using light microscope
for histopathological changes in the glandular mucosa.
Wadi or Talh honey significantly reduced the ulcer indices, and essentially protected the glandular
mucosa from lesions. Wadi or Talh honey also significantly reduced the gastric mucosal concentrations
of GPx, SOD and GSH. In addition, the administration of Wadi or Talh honey decreased gastric mucosal
plasma TNF-a and MDA, CRP content, and IL-10 levels. In conclusion, Wadi or Talh honey possibly exerted
their antiulcer potential via restoring the homeostasis and stabilizing the enzymatic (SOD and GPx) and
non-enzymatic (GSH) antioxidants as well as reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, CRP
content, IL-10 and, NF-jB activity), and inhibiting the lipid peroxidation in the gastric mucosa.
Consequently, Wadi or Talh honey may be of beneficial therapy for patients diagnosed with gastric ulceration.
Clinical studies need to be conducted to further support these findings.

Ultraviolet radiation is an ecological factor that directly affects terrestrial organisms through suppression
of immunity or damage to internal organs. The present study assessed the effects of ultraviolet A (UVA)
radiation on the kidneys of both wild-type (WT) and p53-deficient medaka (Oryzias latipes) and evaluated
which strain was more resistant to the effects of UVA. Fish were divided into four groups: control group 1
(Cwt and Cp53), kept for 3 days without UVA exposure; group 2 (1wt and 1p53), fish exposed daily to UVA
for 1 h day−1 for 3 days; group 3 (2wt and 2p53), fish exposed daily to UVA for 2 h day−1 for 3 days; and
group 4 (3wt and 3p53), fish exposed daily to UVA for 3 h day−1 for 3 days. Samples of tissues were
obtained 24 h after UVA exposure. The most obvious histopathological changes induced by UVA radiation
in kidney tissues of both strains of medaka (WT and p53-deficient) were high levels of vacuolation of
tubular cells followed by necrosis. The tubular segments lost their normal shape which appeared like a
network structure and their cells with clear cytoplasm. Necrosis of lymphoid tissues and spots of brown
pigmentation (possibly melanomacrophages) were sporadically seen in interstitial lymphoid tissues, while
shrinkage of glomeruli, diminution of periodic acid–Schiff staining, and increased amount of collagenous
fibers were observed. Our results confirmed the harmful effects of UVA radiation on kidney tissues of both
WT and p53-deficient medaka. However, WT medaka was affected more than p53-deficient medaka.