Abstract

The numerical contribution of the natural heat flow of dusty hybrid nanofluid due to a square cavity filled with a porous medium with the effects of internal heat generation and the magnetic field is presented in this paper. The system of the problem equations is divided into hybrid nanofluid (Al₂O₃–Cu) phase equations and dusty phase equations, which are converted to a dimensionless form to be suitable for solving them numerically using the finite difference method. The results manifest in the streamlines, isotherms contours for both hybrid nanofluid phase and dust phase as well in local and average Nusselt numbers profiles. The numerical computations are performed and presented via graphs and tables due to the influence of governing physical parameters like ◂()▸, ◂()▸, ◂()▸, (0 ≤ Σ ≤ �/2), ◂()▸, (0.0≤�≤0.1), ◂()▸, and ◂()▸. The results indicate that increasing of fluid–particle interaction parameter for velocity leads to increment of the streamlines and isotherms of both the dust and hybrid nanofluid phases. A notable enhancement is found in the streamlines of the hybrid nanofluid phase and dust phase for high values of the Rayleigh number. The average Nusslet number ameliorates due to suspended dust particles in the hybrid nanofluid while deteriorates with increasing nanoparticle volume fraction. Furthermore, rising values of Hartmann number lead to reducing streamlines of the hybrid nanofluid and dust phases but an increase occurs with an increment of the inclined angle of the magnetic field. A notable agreement is obtained between the data of the present study and other previously published work.

To satisfy global energy demands and maintain sustainable levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases, alternative energy sources are required. H₂ generation from hydrolysis of NaBH₄ represents as a safe and convenient method for storing and releasing H₂. The free amine groups (NH₂) and the big pores in the NH₂-UiO-66 metal-organic framework were exploited to encapsulate ultrasmall bimetallic Ru-Co alloy nanoclusters and monometallic Ru and Co nanoclusters with an average particle size of 1.5 nm via direct anionic exchange technique. To prove the role of the NH₂ groups and the MOF’s pores in the creation of a well and uniform-dispersed ruthenium and cobalt nanoclusters, the NH₂-UiO-66 was calcined at 600 °C for 3 h in the air to prepare N-doped carbonaceous ZrO₂ (ZrO₂N @ C) nanocomposite. Hydrazine hydrate (HH) was used as a reducing agent in the presence of microwave irradiation 

To satisfy global energy demands and decrease the level of atmospheric greenhouse gases, alternative clean energy sources are required. Hydrogen is one of the most promising clean energy sources due to its high chemical energy density and near-zero greenhouse gas emissions. A single alloyed phase of Pd/Pt nanoclusters as quantum dots (QDs) was prepared and loaded over Co₃O₄ nanoparticles with a low loading percentage (1 wt.%) for hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of NaBH₄ at room temperature. L-glutathione (SG) was used as a capping ligand. It was found that the single alloy catalyst (Pd_0.5–Pt_0.5)_n(SG)_m/Co₃O₄ caused a significant enhancement in hydrogen generation in comparison to the monometallic clusters (Pd_n(SG)_m and Pt_n(SG)_m). Moreover, the Pd/Pt alloy showed a positive synergistic effect compared to the physical mixture of Pd and Pt clusters (1:1) over Co₃O₄. 

his study aims to develop an alternating polyketone containing cationic groups in one and four alternating positions for increased functionality. A novel polyarylidene ketone was synthesized using simple condensation polymerization of terephthaldehyde and 2,5-hexane dione (PAK) The physicochemical properties of the resulting polymer were evaluated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, UV-Visible absorbance, fluorescence, and SEM investigations. The findings show that the polymer is amorphous, has good thermal stability, and emits red light. It can also be used as a dye adsorbent in aqueous solutions, with high selectivity for the cationic dye methylene blue (MB). The adsorbent efficiency of PAK was measured as a function of pH, dosage, and initial dye concentration; the greatest dye removal of 96 % was obtained at pH 10, 50 mg dosage,

Agricultural productivity faces various challenges that include a combination of (a)biotic stresses. The abiotic stresses include extreme temperature, water stress, light stress, salinity, deficiency in essential nutrients, chemical factors, air pollutants, radiation, wind, latitude, altitude, and other stressors. Damages to a magnitude of 50% of agrarian production come back from abiotic stress. Universal weather alteration and overutilizing naturalistic resources probably amplify the manifold of the inverse effect of abiotic stress. To alleviate the effects of various stressors, suggested strategies involve improved agronomic management, the upbringing of stress-tolerant cultivars, using of fertilizer, which may boost ability for acclimation to stressful medium. In this chapter, we have investigated the effect of salinity from the elevation of the Mediterranean seawater. In Egypt the rise of the Mediterranean seawater leads to the mixing of surface water with the subsoil water, which leads to the reduction of the crop productivity. Here, we introduced a mathematical model to manage the effect of salinity on sugar beet production. The model simulated the laser land leveling in the guided fields of the two Egyptian governorates, one of them located on the Mediterranean Sea, which produce sugar beet. The outcome of that mathematical model increased sugar beet revenue, profit, and rate of return in both governorates. The total sugar beet production cost, water used, and absolute risk decreased. Moreover, the liberation of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and consumption of energy reduced.

The participation of salicylate (SalA), gallate (GalA), and benzoate (BenA), in various physiological and biochemical processes in the plant under conditions of boron excess (BE), is largely unknown. The relationship between phenolic acids (PhAs) and regulation of antioxidant enzymes and B forms has been studied in the alleviation of oxidative stress caused by BE within the tomato callus. Tomato calli were subjected to BE (2 mM) in the absence or presence of three levels of BenA, GalA and SalA. The results demonstrated that different levels of PhAs attenuated the oxidative stress of BE by reducing hydrogen peroxide, B accumulation, and lipoxygenase activity (LOX) activity, and the moderate level was the most effective. Phenolic acid treatments reduced the stimulatory effects of BE on catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Similarly, BenA and GalA increased the effect of BE stimulation on the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD), while SalA decreased these impacts on both enzymes. The results highlight that PhAs perform an important function in alleviating BE stress in tomato calli by regulating antioxidant enzymes and forms of B accumulation. This research supplies new viewpoints for strategies associated with BE tolerance in tomato plants and therefore can be employed as plant growth stimulators.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) control both innate and adaptive immunity with a wide expression on renal epithelial cells and leukocytes. Activation of TLRs results in the production of cytokines, chemokines and interferons along with activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, resulting in inflammatory perturbations. TLR4 signaling pathway is the most extensively studied of TLRs. TLR4 is expressed on renal microvascular endothelial and tubular epithelial cells. So, targeting TLR4 modulation could be a therapeutic approach to attenuate kidney diseases that are underlined by inflammatory cascade. Medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory activities display valuable effects and are employed as alternative sources to alleviate renal disease linked with inflammation. Flavonoids and other phytochemicals derived from traditional medicines possess promising pharmacological activities owing to their relatively cheap and high safety profile. Our review focuses on the potent anti-inflammatory activities of twenty phytochemicals to verify if their potential promising renoprotective effects are related to suppression of TLR4 signaling in different renal diseases, including sepsis-induced acute kidney injury, renal fibrosis, chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity, diabetic nephropathy and renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Additionally, molecular docking simulations were employed to explore the potential binding affinity of these phytochemicals to TLR4 as a strategy to attenuate renal diseases associated with activated TLR4 signaling.

This study deals with the potentiality of salicylic (SA) and benzoic (BA) acids for controlling the common blight of beans (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap). Impacts of the application of SA and BA (1.2 µg mL− 1) on the plant biological parameters, bacterial count, disease severity, phenolic and salicylic acid contents as well as catalase activity in treated plants were investigated. In vitro, application of the both compounds at different concentrations (0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 µg mL− 1) significantly suppressed growth of the pathogen. Under greenhouse conditions, application of BA and SA considerably reduced the disease development by 81 and 71%, respectively after 4 days of the application as compared to infected control. After 12 days of BA application, plants were protected 49.2% from disease as compared with SA (44.6%). SA-treated plants showed significant increases in the SA content and