5-Chloro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1-pyrazole-carboxaldehyde(1 ) was reacted with hydrazine hydrate and thiosemicarbazide to afford the corresponding hydrazones 2 and thiosemicarbazones 4. The latter compounds were used to obtain the pyrazole derivatives 3, 5-7. A series of azines 8a-e were obtained by reacting 2 with aromatic aldehydes. Potassium permanganate oxidation of1 gave the acid 9, which was transformed into the corresponding acid azide 11 then used to prepare diverse urea derivatives 13-18 via Curtius reaction

In this article, a class of reflected generalized Pareto distributions (cf. Burkschat et al., 2003) is considered. Recurrence relations for joint moment generating functions of higher non adjacent dual generalized order statistics based on a random sample drawn from the considered class are derived. Higher joint moments of non adjacent dual generalized order statistics (reversed ordered order statistics and lower k-records as special cases) are obtained. Recurrence relations for single and product moment generating functions and moments of higher non adjacent dual generalized order statistics are derived. Some results of higher moments of non adjacent generalized order statistics from generalized Pareto distributions (cf. Johnson et al., 1995), are obtained by using a relation connecting higher moments of generalized order statistics and its dual.

Based on a one-sample scheme, general Bayesian prediction intervals (BPI) for future generalized-order statistics are obtained when the previous and future samples are assumed to follow a general class of continuous distributions. The prior belief of the experimenter is measured by two distributions according to whether one (two) parameter(s) is (are) unknown. BPI for upper-order statistics and upper record values are obtined as special cases. Doubly Type II censored of the observed data has been used here. Application to theWeibull (θ1, θ2) model is illustrated when θ1 is an unknown parameter and when both θ1 and θ2 are unknown parameters. Numerical computations are made when θ1 is unknown to illustrate the procedures.

In this paper, estimation of the parameters of a truncated Type I generalized logistic distribution TTIGL(β, α, τ ), when β = 0, is obtained based on a doubly truncated sample of generalized order statistics. This model is introduced by [AL-Angary, Truncated logistic distributions as lifetime models,M.Sc. thesis, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kindom of Saudi Arabia,1997] and the finite mixture of TTIGL(β, α, τ ) component model studied by [Ateya,Mixtures of logisticdistributions as life-time models. M.Sc. thesis,Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, 2001] and [AL-Hussaini and Ateya, Maximum likelihood estimations under a mixture of truncated type I generalized logistic components model, J. Stat. Theory Appl. 2(1) (2003), pp. 47–60; AL-Hussaini and Ateya, Bayes estimations under a mixture of truncated type I generalized logistic components model, J. Stat. Theory Appl. 4(2) (2005), pp. 183–208]. The maximum-likelihood andBayes methods are used in the estimation and then we compare these methods by computing the mean squared errors of the estimates in both cases considering orderstatistics and upper record values cases. Also, the Bayesian prediction intervals for the future generalized order statistics are computed based on a one-sample scheme

Cyanobacteria are abundant throughout most of the world's water bodies and contribute significantly to global primary productivity through oxygenic photosynthesis. This reaction is catalysed by two membrane-bound protein complexes, photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII), which both contain chlorophyll-binding subunits functioning as an internal antenna1. In addition, phycobilisomes act as peripheral antenna systems, but no additional light-harvesting systems have been found under normal growth conditions. Iron deficiency, which is often the limiting factor for cyanobacterial growth in aquatic ecosystems2, leads to the induction of additional proteins such as IsiA (ref. 3). Although IsiA has been implicated in chlorophyll storage, energy absorption and protection against excessive light, its precise molecular function and association to other proteins is unknown. Here we report the purification of a specific PSI–IsiA supercomplex, which is abundant under conditions of iron limitation. Electron microscopy shows that this supercomplex consists of trimeric PSI surrounded by a closed ring of 18 IsiA proteins binding around 180 chlorophyll molecules. We provide a structural characterization of an additional chlorophyll-containing, membrane-integral antenna in a cyanobacterial photosystem.

Pre-soaking wheat (Sakha 92) seeds in GA3 increased the germination potential especially at moderate salinization levels. On the other hand, ABA did not increase the germination potential of the tested seeds at all salinization levels. Fresh and dry matter yields of wheat seedlings decreased at high salinization levels and 90 mM NaCl represented the threshold of salinity. Pre-soaking wheat seeds in GA3 caused marked increases in fresh and dry matter yields of the salinized seedlings. While ABA treatment resulted in non-significant changes in dry matter production of stressed seedlings, the fresh matter production at most salinization levels tended to increase. GA3 or ABA treatment generally increased the soluble carbohydrates and total protein contents of salt stressed seedlings. The stimulatory effect of NaCl salinity on protein synthesis was additionally enhanced as a result of GA3 at all salinization levels or due to ABA treatment especially at high salt levels. The stimulatory effects of salt stress on the accumulation of free amino acids other than proline in the seedlings increased, with the application of GA3, while the activated synthesis of proline was partially attenuated. Application of GA3 was sufficient to attenuate partially the stimulatory effect of NaCl supply on proline biosynthesis, while ABA treatment failed to play this role.

Pre-soaking wheat (Sakha 92) seeds in GA3 increased the germination potential especially at moderate salinization levels. On the other hand, ABA did not increase the germination potential of the tested seeds at all salinization levels. Fresh and dry matter yields of wheat seedlings decreased at high salinization levels and 90 mM NaCl represented the threshold of salinity. Pre-soaking wheat seeds in GA3 caused marked increases in fresh and dry matter yields of the salinized seedlings. While ABA treatment resulted in non-significant changes in dry matter production of stressed seedlings, the fresh matter production at most salinization levels tended to increase. GA3 or ABA treatment generally increased the soluble carbohydrates and total protein contents of salt stressed seedlings. The stimulatory effect of NaCl salinity on protein synthesis was additionally enhanced as a result of GA3 at all salinization levels or due to ABA treatment especially at high salt levels. The stimulatory effects of salt stress on the accumulation of free amino acids other than proline in the seedlings increased, with the application of GA3, while the activated synthesis of proline was partially attenuated. Application of GA3 was sufficient to attenuate partially the stimulatory effect of NaCl supply on proline biosynthesis, while ABA treatment failed to play this role.