BACKGROUND: Continuous diabetes-associated complications are a major source of immune system exhaustion and an increased incidence of infection. Diabetes can cause poor circulation in the feet, increasing the likelihood of ulcers forming when the skin is damaged and slowing the healing of the ulcers. Whey proteins (WPs) enhance immunity during childhood and have a protective effect on some immune disorders. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of camel WP on the healing and closure of diabetic wounds in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type I diabetic mouse model. RESULTS: Diabetic mice exhibited delayed wound closure characterized by a significant decrease in an anti-inflammatory cytokine (namely, IL-10) and a prolonged elevation of the levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in wound tissue. Moreover, aberrant expression of chemokines that regulate wound healing (MIP-1α, MIP-2, KC and CX3CL1) and growth factors (TGF-β) were observed in the wound tissue of diabetic mice compared with control nondiabetic mice. Interestingly, compared with untreated diabetic mice, supplementation with WP significantly accelerated the closure of diabetic wounds by limiting inflammatory stimuli via the restoration of normal IL-10, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels. Most importantly, the supplementation of diabetic mice with WP significantly modulated the expression of MIP-1α, MIP-2, KC, CX3CL1 and TGF-β in wound tissue compared with untreated diabetic mice. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate the benefits of WP supplementation for improving the healing and closure of diabetic wounds and restoring the immune response in diabetic mice.

e recently demonstrated that the snake venom extracted from Walterinnesia aegyptia (WEV) either alone or combined with silica nanoparticles (WEV+NP) enhanced the proliferation of mice immune cells and simultaneously decreased the proliferation of human breast carcinoma cell line (MDA-MB-231). However, the molecular mechanism of how this venom induced growth arrest of breast cancer cells has not been studied. In this context, we extended our study to evaluate the anti-tumor potential of WEV and WEV+NP on the human breast carcinoma cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, as well as their effects on non-tumorigenic normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10). The IC(50 )values of WEV alone and WEV+NP in these cell lines were determined to be 50 ng/ml and 20 ng/ml, respectively. Interestingly, at these concentrations, the venom did not affect the viability of normal MCF-10 cells and treatment of all these cell lines with NP alone did not affect their viability. Using annexin-V binding assay followed by flow cytometry analysis, we found that combination of WEV with NP strongly induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cancer cells without significant effect on normal MCF-10 cells. Furthermore, we found that WEV+NP decreased the expression of Bcl2 and enhanced the activation of caspase 3 in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Most importantly, WEV+NP-treated breast cancer cells, but not normal MCF-10 cells, exhibited a significant (P0.05) reduction in actin polymerization and cytoskeletal rearrangement in response to CXCL12. Our data reveal biological effects of WEV or WEV+NP and the underlying mechanisms to fight breast cancer cells.

The reaction of Fe(g5-C5H4CO2Na)(g5-C5H4PPh2) (1), obtained upon addition of NaOH to Fe(g5- C5H4CO2H)(g5-C5H4PPh2), with stoichiometric amounts of [Co(H2O)6](NO3)2 (2) gave the 1D coordination polymer [Co(Fe(g5-C5H4CO2)(g5-C5H4PPh2))2]n (3). The molecular structure of 3 in the solid state was determined by single crystal X-ray structure determination. A unique feature of 3 is that dinuclear Co2(O2CR)4 units (R = Fe(g5-C5H4)(g5-C5H4PPh2)) are connected by two diphenylphosphino-ferrocenyl moieties giving rise to a one-dimensional arrangement, whereby the other two Ph2P-containing ferrocenes remain uncoordinated. Due to this structural feature, the coordination sphere at cobalt(II) can best be ascribed as distorted octahedral. Variable temperature dependent magnetic measurements were carried out indicating an overall weak anti-ferromagnetic behaviour with the formation of a weak r bond with a distance of 2.800(2) Å between the two cobalt(II) ions.

The fundamental vibrations of the (PO3 anions in the AgGd(PO3)4 crystal are predicted by employing the correlation method based on the group theory. Nine external vibrations are allowed with no coincidence ac tivity between infrared and Raman spectra. The free PO3 ion with C3v molecular symmetry has six normal vibrations. Due to the crystalfield splitting effect, the six normal modes of vibrations are split into 96 in tramolecular vibrations. Symmetric and asymmetric stretching and bending modes are identified with deter mining of their spectral activity.

Global decline in frog populations is thought to indicate environmental damage caused by human activity. Pollution especially chemicals are found to contaminate aquatic ecosystems and their animals including fish and amphibians during their adult life and sensitive stages of development. Nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) is one of the most dangerous chemicals that are recorded in aquatic environments, bacterial degradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates produces more toxic nonylphenol (NP) which is estrogenic both on vitro and vivo assays. In present work, the exposure of embryos of Egyptian toad Bufo regularis to different sublethal doses of 4-nonylphenol (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 μgl-1) resulted in mortality rate increase and as a result some morphological malformations with histopathological changes in some organs were revealed. This study indicated the destructive effects of 4-Nonylphenol on the tadpoles of Egyptian toad.

Global decline in frog populations is thought to indicate environmental damage caused by human activity. Pollution especially chemicals are found to contaminate aquatic ecosystems and their animals including fish and amphibians during their adult life and sensitive stages of development. Nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) is one of the most dangerous chemicals that are recorded in aquatic environments, bacterial degradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates produces more toxic nonylphenol (NP) which is estrogenic both on vitro and vivo assays. In present work, the exposure of embryos of Egyptian toad Bufo regularis to different sublethal doses of 4-nonylphenol (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 μgl-1) resulted in mortality rate increase and as a result some morphological malformations with histopathological changes in some organs were revealed. This study indicated the destructive effects of 4-Nonylphenol on the tadpoles of Egyptian toad.

Global decline in frog populations is thought to indicate environmental damage caused by human activity. Pollution especially chemicals are found to contaminate aquatic ecosystems and their animals including fish and amphibians during their adult life and sensitive stages of development. Nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) is one of the most dangerous chemicals that are recorded in aquatic environments, bacterial degradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates produces more toxic nonylphenol (NP) which is estrogenic both on vitro and vivo assays. In present work, the exposure of embryos of Egyptian toad Bufo regularis to different sublethal doses of 4-nonylphenol (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 μgl-1) resulted in mortality rate increase and as a result some morphological malformations with histopathological changes in some organs were revealed. This study indicated the destructive effects of 4-Nonylphenol on the tadpoles of Egyptian toad.

Global decline in frog populations is thought to indicate environmental damage caused by human activity. Pollution especially chemicals are found to contaminate aquatic ecosystems and their animals including fish and amphibians during their adult life and sensitive stages of development. Nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) is one of the most dangerous chemicals that are recorded in aquatic environments, bacterial degradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates produces more toxic nonylphenol (NP) which is estrogenic both on vitro and vivo assays. In present work, the exposure of embryos of Egyptian toad Bufo regularis to different sublethal doses of 4-nonylphenol (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 μgl-1) resulted in mortality rate increase and as a result some morphological malformations with histopathological changes in some organs were revealed. This study indicated the destructive effects of 4-Nonylphenol on the tadpoles of Egyptian toad.

This study was devoted for H2 production from rotten fruits of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by three fermentation stages. A facultative anaerobe, Escherichia coli EGY was used in first stage to consume O2 and maintain strict anaerobic conditions for a second stage dark fermentative H2 production by the strictly anaerobic Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. Subsequently, a third stage photofermentation using Rhodobacter capsulatus DSM 1710 has been conducted for the H2 production. The maximum total H2 yield of the three stages (7.8 mol H2 mol
1 sucrose) was obtained when 5 g L
1 of sucrose was supplemented to fermentor as rotten date fruits. A maximum estimated cumulative H2 yield of the three stages (162 LH2 kg
1 fresh rotten dates) was estimated at the (5 g L
1) sucrose concentration. These results suggest that rotten dates can be efficiently used for commercial H2 production. The described protocol did not require addition of a reducing agent or flashing with argon which both are expensive.