The heavy fueled power plants produce solid waste as fly ash which contains heavy and trace elements. In this study the going in accordance with Egypt Vision 2030, effects and benefits in reducing the ash amount for produced MW will be studied, the change in ash contents of rare and heavy elements that can extracted and reused will be determined. As, the reduction in ash amount on the long run as it has a positive effect on the environment. The amount of ash produced will be defined, then the enrichment of its content of heavy and trace elements will studied. The results showed that fly ash amount reduced with application of Egypt’s vision 2030, and it has a valuable content that could be collected, treated and utilized. It was found that the pollution’s indexes of these elements are extremely high, but on the other side ash has an economical value due to its contents of rare and heavy elements that can extracted and reused. Finally, this reduction in the long run has a positive effect on the environment and consequently, to the health.

In this study, the researchers investigated the effectiveness of different ceramic samples in filtering gamma rays emitted by various sources. The samples, which contained varying concentrations of lead and barium, were evaluated for their potential use in beam-shaping assembly systems for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy techniques, specifically those using the ²⁵²Cf neutron source for cancer treatment. Stilbene and NaI (Tl) were used to measure the total and pure gamma rays in this study. In addition, theoretical calculations using the Phy-X/PSD software have been conducted across a broad energy range, spanning from 0.001 to 18 MeV. These calculations aim to determine the attenuation of gamma rays and the relative deviations compared to the corresponding measured gamma-ray energies. Various composites with different percentages of additives and thicknesses, ranging from 0.8 cm to 4 cm, have shown satisfactory attenuation properties for gamma-ray shielding applications. However, the samples containing lead, especially the unglazed ceramic composites with 15 % lead and 4 cm thickness, were found to have the most preferred attenuation properties. The results obtained indicate that samples with a higher lead content are more effective attenuators compared to those with additional barium. In addition, the relationship between the transmission gamma ray factor and the percentage of additives and energies of gamma rays can be determined from the experimental linear attenuation coefficient coefficients. In addition, various coefficients such as the mass attenuation coefficient, half-value layer, effective atomic numbers, and effective electron densities are studied theoretically for the unglazed ceramic samples. The dose rate is also taken into consideration.

Variation in sex pheromones is regarded as one of the causes of reproductive isolation and speciation. We recently identified 51 male- and female-specific compounds – many of which function as sex pheromones – in 99 drosophilid species[1]. Here, we report that despite many of these compounds being shared between species, their quantities differ significantly. For example, although 34 drosophilid species share the male-specific compound cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA), which plays a critical role in regulating various social and sexual behaviors, the amount of cVA can differ by up to 600-fold between different species. Additionally, we found 7-tricosene, the cuticular hydrocarbon pheromone, present in 35 Drosophila species. Our findings indicate that 7-tricosene is equally present in both sexes of 14 species, more abundant in males of 14 species, and more abundant in females of 7 species. We provide raw data on the concentration of potential pheromone components in the 99 drosophilids, which can provide important insights for further research on the behavior and evolution of these species. Quantitative variations highlight species-specific patterns, suggesting an additional mechanism for reproductive isolation built on specific combinations of compounds at set concentrations.

Where to lay the eggs is a crucial decision for females as it influences the success of their offspring. Female flies prefer to lay eggs on food already occupied and consumed by larvae, which facilitates social feeding, but potentially could also lead to detrimental interactions between species. Whether females can modulate their attraction to cues associated with different species is unknown. Here, we analyzed the chemical profiles of eggs and larvae of 16 Drosophila species, and tested whether Drosophila flies would be attracted to larvae-treated food or food with eggs from 6 different Drosophila species. The chemical analyses revealed that larval profiles from different species are strongly overlapping, while egg profiles exhibit significant species specificity. Correspondingly, female flies preferred to lay eggs where they detected whatever species’ larval cues, while we found a significant oviposition preference only for eggs of some species but not others. Our findings suggest that both larval and egg cues present at a given substrate can drive oviposition preference in female flies.

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are bioactive metabolites with high molecular weight and are produced by several microorganisms such as endophytic fungi. Thus, the aim of the present study was designed to explore the biosynthesis and characteristics of EPS by the endophytic fungus Neopestalotiopsis clavispora AUMC15969 and then investigate some environmental and nutritional factors that affect their production. Moreover, we estimated an additional value, namely the production of bio diesel. Maximum production of EPS was 7.86 g/L when N. clavispora was grown on lactose as the sole carbon source and peptone as the nitrogen source, respectively, and pH 7 at 35 °Cfor 10 days. The produced EPS had a total sugar content of 0.93 g/g where protein content was 0.076 g/g. It revealed a strong antioxidant activity that improved with increasing sample concentration, with the optimum concentration of 10 mg/mL producing 83.1% DPPH radical scavenging activity with an IC50 equal to 3.89 mg/mL. The extracted lipid from the fungal mycelia at the end of the fermentation process was 31.76% w/w. The biodiesel produced from the transesterification of lipids was 87.4% total fatty acid methyl esters. The present study demonstrated the potential production of EPS and lipid biopolymers in one-pot fermentation which could use as a resource for industrial technologies

An efficient protocol for the synthesis of novel fused N-heteropolycycles 10a-f (tetracyclic-fused and bridged dibenzo-azepinone,-azocinones,-azoninone, benzo [b] pyrido [3, 2-f] azocinone and benzo [c] pyrido [3, 2-g] azoninones) via combined Darzens and Friedel-Crafts methodologies is described. The starting ketones 5a, b were conveniently obtained via cyanoethylation of aminoxylenes 1a, b followed by hydrolysis of the resulting nitriles 3a, b to the corresponding carboxylic acids 4a, b and were finally acylated by intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction. The key acetylated intermediates 7a, b were obtained by Darzens condensation. Subsequently, two steps led to substituted heterocyclic acids 9a-f which successfully underwent Friedel–Crafts cycloacylations mediated by AlCl3/CH3NO2, TfOH or P2O5 catalysts. The method offers readily access to diverse drug-like 10a-f scaffolds in moderate to good yields. a: n= 0, x= 0, Y= CH; b: n= 0, x= 1, Y= CH; c: n= 0, x= 1, Y= N; d: n= 1, x= 0, Y= CH; e: n= 1, x= 1, Y= CH; f: n= 1, x= 1, Y= N

The inhibitory characteristics of two recently synthesized biosurfactants based on amino acids, namely sodium Nhexadecyl glycine (I) and sodium N-hexadecyl valine (II), concerning copper corrosion in 1.0 M HNO3 were studied at variance of temperatures. FTIR analysis was utilized to identify the chemical structures of both synthesized biosurfactants. Various techniques were employed in this study. According to the results, the synthesized biosurfactants were played as proficient inhibitors for copper corrosion and their inhibition efficiencies (% IEs) were concentration- and structure-dependent with respect to them. At a concentration of 400 mg/L of the synthesized biosurfactants and at 298 K, the average% IE was found to be 90% for biosurfactant I and 85% for biosurfactant II. The gained higher% IEs were suggested to as a result of the potent adsorption of these biosurfactants on the surface of copper and the type of adsorption was discovered to be physical and followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The obtained findings signified that the synthesized biosurfactants exhibited mixed-type and interface-type inhibitors. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were assessed and discussed. Furthermore, the kinetics of corrosion of copper as well as its inhibition were also investigated. The density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations emphasized the inhibitory mechanism of the examined biosurfactants and proved the adsorption of the biosurfactants’ molecules on the copper surface. Theoretical modeling also demonstrated that the biosurfactant I exhibited a greater% IE compared to biosurfactant II. The experimental results gained from all employed measurements are largely reliable with each others and are in a good consistent with the theoretical studies signifying the validity of these results.

Although carbon steel (CS) is an essential component utilized in many industries, it regrettably corrodes when exposed to acidic conditions. Schiff bases have recently become more concerned with the corrosion prevention of CS. Hydrazides and the related compounds shown to be effective inhibitors of CS corrosion in acids. These compounds are commonly employed as origins or intermediates to several key molecules in the synthesis of organic compounds, and they are highly sought after due to their wide range of biological and therapeutic applications. They have anti-bacterial, anti-malarial, anti-fungal, and anticancer properties, as well as corrosion protection. Hence, the inhibitory effectiveness of a new synthesized (E)-N’-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene) isonicotinohydrazide (TMNH) Schiff-base for the corrosion of CS in 1 M HCl was explored. The structure of TMNH was validated by FT-IR and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. A number of chemical, spectral, and electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and mass loss (ML) have been used to evaluate its anticorrosion power. PDP measurements showed that it is a mixed-type inhibitor. In addition, EIS measurements showed that Rct increased sharply from 37 without the corrosion inhibitor to 589 Ω cm-2 in the presence of 1 mM TMNH and from PDP scans, the corresponding icorr decreased dramatically from 0.6158 to 0.0314 μA cm-2. ML tests have proven their effectiveness, achieving an inhibitory efficiency of 95.3 %. Adsorption studies were also conducted to determine the nature of the corrosion retardation mechanism. The TMNH inhibitor was spontaneously chemically/physically adsorbed onto the CS surface following the Langmuir isotherm. Statistical calculations were also applied to verify the accuracy of the experimental results. The Monte Carlo model showed that the inhibitory molecules adsorbed flat on only one side, increasing the chances of adsorption