Herein, a 2D/0D g-C₃N₄/Cu₂SnS₃ heterostructure is successfully constructed via the facile calcination method, and its application to photocatalytic CO₂ conversion is demonstrated for the first time. The fabricated g-C₃N₄/Cu₂SnS₃ nanocomposite is featured with its unique Cu-C and Cu-N dual chemical bond at the interface. The engineered g-C₃N₄/Cu₂SnS₃ nanocomposites record a superior CO production rate of 18.2 μmol∙g⁻¹∙h⁻¹ with an apparent quantum yield of 2.2% at 500 nm of light illumination, which is the highest among g-C₃N₄/ternary metal sulfide photocatalysts to the best of our knowledge. This notable improvement is attributed to the effective incorporation of Cu₂SnS₃ nanoparicles onto the surfaces of ultra-thin g-C₃N₄ and, the formation of Cu-N and Cu-C dual bonds at the interface. This helps not only the activation of interface defect-mediated Z-scheme conduction but also supplies highly reactive Cu sites in the Cu₂SnS₃ nanoparticles for efficient photocatalytic CO₂ conversion.

In this study, we synthesized and characterized four tetraphenylethene (TPE) analogs, investigated their photophysical properties, and conducted quantum chemical calculations. Some molecules exhibited aggregation-induced emission enhancement behavior and showed efficient emission in both solid and solution states. Solvatochromism was observed in particular derivatives, with solvent polarity influencing either a bathochromic or hypsochromic shift, indicating the occurrence of photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) processes. Quantum chemical calculations confirmed that variations in molecular packing and rigidity among the TPE analogs contributed to their diverse behavior. The study showcases aggregation in luminophores without significant impact on the excited state and highlights how minor alterations in terminal substituents can lead to unconventional behavior. These findings have implications for the development of luminescent materials. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds exhibited biocompatibility, suggesting their potential for cell imaging applications.

Due to the biological importance of diclofenac derivatives which are included in the composition of the active substance in many medicines used in the treatment of infections. Herein, we present a facile procedure for the synthesis of a new series of diclofenac analogous, in excellent isolated yields starting from the carbohydrazide precursor 1. Acylation and condensation of NH₂ group in the starting material with different reagents delivered compounds (2–5). Moreover, the Nucleophilic substitution of chloromethyl derivative 5 with primary and secondary amines gave compounds (6a, 6b, and 7). Furthermore, the hydrazine compound (7) reaction with benzaldehyde and chloroacetylchloride produced derivatives (8, 9). The chemical structures of all newly synthesized compounds have been proved based on elemental and spectral analysis techniques (FTIR, ¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR, and Mass spectroscopy). All synthesized compounds were investigated for their in-vitro antimicrobial activity against different strains of bacteria and fungi in moderate to high activity. A molecular docking approach was utilized to investigate the proposed molecular mechanism of the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the synthesized compounds.

Both 2-(N-arylcarbamoyl)methylsulfanyl-3-cyano-5-ethoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-4-(2′-thienyl)pyridines 2a-e and their isomers, 3-amino-2-(N-arylcarbamoyl)-5-ethoxy-carbonyl-6-methyl-4-(2′-thienyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridines 3a-e were synthesized by reaction of ethyl 3-cyano-1,2-dihydro-6-methyl-4-(2′-thienyl)-2-thioxopyridine-5-carboxylate (1) with the respective N-aryl-2-chloroacetamides in the presence of different basic catalysts. Compounds 3a-e were used as precursors for synthesizing of pyridothienopyrimidinones 4a-e, pyridothienotriazinones 5a-e and tetrahydropyridothienopyrimidinones 6a-c via treatment with triethyl orthoformate, nitrous acid, and/or 4-chlorobenzaldehyde respectively. The photophysical properties of aminothienylthienopyridines 3a-e and tetrahydropyridothieno-pyrimidine-4(3H)-ones 6a-c were studied and the fluorescence data revealed that all selected compounds possess AIE behaviors in solution and in solid state. Most of the prepared compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antibacterial and antifungal activities, and considerable results were obtained. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity of thienopyridines 3a-d against MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines was evaluated and they showed moderate to very strong activity.

In the recent years, interest in the synthesis of diclofenac derivatives has increased due to their exceptional biological activity. We present here the synthesis of some novel diclofenac derivatives through simple synthetic procedures, where the acylation of carbohydrazide compound 1 with chloroacetyl chloride in dioxane produced the compound 2. Chloroacetohydrazide compound 2 was further subjected to nucleophilic substitution reactions using different nucleophiles such as: hydrazine hydrate, thiosemicarbazide and p-aminobenzenesulfonamide to give the corresponding derivatives 3-5, respectively. Moreover, the reaction of the hydrazinyl compound 3 with active hydrogen species such as: ethyl acetoacetate and acetyl acetone in refluxed ethanol provided the corresponding pyrazolone derivatives 6 and 7, respectively. Furthermore, the reaction of previously reported diclofenac ester 8 with 1,2-diaminoethane gave the amino derivative 9. Finally, condensation reaction of the latter compound with benzaldehyde in dioxan furnished the corresponding Schiff's base compound 10, while its acylation with chloroacetyl chloride in dioxan produced 11. Different spectral (IR, NMR and Mass) and elemental analysis techniques were utilized to explore the structure of the synthesized compounds. All the synthesized compounds were tested for their in-vitro antibacterial activity against different strains of bacteria showing satisfactory results, and molecular docking study was performed to investigate the mode of action.