Three interesting thermoresponsive branched oligoethylene glycol dendrimers based on tetrabromohydroquinone
were efficiently synthesized from tetrabromohydroquinone and three different
oligoethylene glycol derivatives. By visual inspection, all these dendrimers are water-soluble at room
temperature. The thermoresponsive behaviors were investigated by using UV/vis turbidity measurement
at different temperatures for 0.25 wt% of aqueous solutions from D1, D2 and D3. The cytotoxicity of the
prepared dendrimers was tested against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. All tested dendrimers showed
considerable results, where D2 dendrimer gave the best result; it showed cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell
line with IC50 of 1.07 mg/mL and resistant fraction equals 1.97%, the other two dendrimers showed a
modest cytotoxic profile.

Nanoparticles exhibit unique physical properties that are not found in their bulk counterpart. The synthesis
structure which contains Au or Ag core metallic particles and a shell of CdSe semiconductor has the combined properties
of quantum dots and the metallic particles. A new method has been developed to grow plasmonic semiconductor
nanocomposites of Au/CdSe and Ag/CdSe nanostructure. The method based on preparing seed of metal nanoparticles
which used as a seed using organometllic pyrolysis followed by adding the semiconductor precursors. Their chemical
composition crystal structure is determined via X-Ray Diffraction. The collective optical properties of the plasmonic
semiconductor nanohybrid has been measured using spectrophotometer techniques and compared to those individual
components. The main features which observed in the hybrid nanostructure is broodning of Plasmonic band and decrease
in its amplitude in addition to shifting excitonic energy band to higher wave length.The quenching of the emission of
Au/CdSe has been observed due to photoinduced electron injection into metallic seed. The electron transfer processes from
CdSe to the gold is more faster than that of the silver. For this reason, we can consider the CdSe/Au is strong plasmonic -
exitonic coupling but CdSe/Ag is week plasmonic-excitonic coupling.

Nanoparticles exhibit unique physical properties that are not found in their bulk counterpart. The synthesis
structure which contains Au or Ag core metallic particles and a shell of CdSe semiconductor has the combined properties
of quantum dots and the metallic particles. A new method has been developed to grow plasmonic semiconductor
nanocomposites of Au/CdSe and Ag/CdSe nanostructure. The method based on preparing seed of metal nanoparticles
which used as a seed using organometllic pyrolysis followed by adding the semiconductor precursors. Their chemical
composition crystal structure is determined via X-Ray Diffraction. The collective optical properties of the plasmonic
semiconductor nanohybrid has been measured using spectrophotometer techniques and compared to those individual
components. The main features which observed in the hybrid nanostructure is broodning of Plasmonic band and decrease
in its amplitude in addition to shifting excitonic energy band to higher wave length.The quenching of the emission of
Au/CdSe has been observed due to photoinduced electron injection into metallic seed. The electron transfer processes from
CdSe to the gold is more faster than that of the silver. For this reason, we can consider the CdSe/Au is strong plasmonic -
exitonic coupling but CdSe/Ag is week plasmonic-excitonic coupling.

Heavy fuel oil and ash samples were collected from
the Assiut thermal power plant in Egypt and subjected to
gamma spectrometry analysis for natural radioactivity
contents. Considerable results were observed where the ash
contains nearly 1,000 times natural radionuclides more than
raw oil. The results were confirmed by measuring the samples
via using different devices in different institutions. All ash
samples had radium equivalent activities and external hazard
index values more than 370 Bq/kg and unity respectively. The
mean absorbed dose rate was10,650 nGy/h which is nearly
190 times higher than the global average value of 55 nGy/h.
The corresponding annual external effective dose is estimated
to be 13 mSv/year, which is nearly 30 times higher than that in
areas of natural background radiation (0.46 mSv/year).

Heavy fuel oil and ash samples were collected from
the Assiut thermal power plant in Egypt and subjected to
gamma spectrometry analysis for natural radioactivity
contents. Considerable results were observed where the ash
contains nearly 1,000 times natural radionuclides more than
raw oil. The results were confirmed by measuring the samples
via using different devices in different institutions. All ash
samples had radium equivalent activities and external hazard
index values more than 370 Bq/kg and unity respectively. The
mean absorbed dose rate was10,650 nGy/h which is nearly
190 times higher than the global average value of 55 nGy/h.
The corresponding annual external effective dose is estimated
to be 13 mSv/year, which is nearly 30 times higher than that in
areas of natural background radiation (0.46 mSv/year).

Heavy fuel oil and ash samples were collected from
the Assiut thermal power plant in Egypt and subjected to
gamma spectrometry analysis for natural radioactivity
contents. Considerable results were observed where the ash
contains nearly 1,000 times natural radionuclides more than
raw oil. The results were confirmed by measuring the samples
via using different devices in different institutions. All ash
samples had radium equivalent activities and external hazard
index values more than 370 Bq/kg and unity respectively. The
mean absorbed dose rate was10,650 nGy/h which is nearly
190 times higher than the global average value of 55 nGy/h.
The corresponding annual external effective dose is estimated
to be 13 mSv/year, which is nearly 30 times higher than that in
areas of natural background radiation (0.46 mSv/year).

The natural radioactivity of soil samples from
Assiut city, Egypt, was studied. The activity concentrations
of 28 samples were measured with a NaI(Tl) detector. The
radioactivity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K
showed large variations, so the results were classified into
two groups (A and B) to facilitate the interpretation of the
results. Group A represents samples collected from different
locations in Assiut and characterized by low activity concentrations
with average values of 46.15±9.69, 30.57±4.90,
and 553.14±23.19 for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K, respectively.
Group B represents samples mainly collected from the area
around Assiut Thermal Power Plant and characterized by very
high activity concentrations with average values of 3,803±145,
1,782±98, and 1,377±78 for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K, respectively.
In order to evaluate the radiological hazard of the natural
radioactivity, the radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the
absorbed dose rate (D), the annual effective dose rate (E), the
external hazard index (Hex), and the annual gonadal dose
equivalent (AGDE) have been calculated and compared with
the internationally approved values. For group A, the calculated
averages of these parameters are in good agreement
with the international recommended values except
for the absorbed dose rate and the AGDE values which
are slightly higher than the international recommended
values. However, for group B, all obtained averages of
these parameters are much higher by several orders of
magnitude than the international recommended values.
The present work provides a background of radioactivity
concentrations in the soil of Assiut.

The natural radioactivity of soil samples from
Assiut city, Egypt, was studied. The activity concentrations
of 28 samples were measured with a NaI(Tl) detector. The
radioactivity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K
showed large variations, so the results were classified into
two groups (A and B) to facilitate the interpretation of the
results. Group A represents samples collected from different
locations in Assiut and characterized by low activity concentrations
with average values of 46.15±9.69, 30.57±4.90,
and 553.14±23.19 for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K, respectively.
Group B represents samples mainly collected from the area
around Assiut Thermal Power Plant and characterized by very
high activity concentrations with average values of 3,803±145,
1,782±98, and 1,377±78 for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K, respectively.
In order to evaluate the radiological hazard of the natural
radioactivity, the radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the
absorbed dose rate (D), the annual effective dose rate (E), the
external hazard index (Hex), and the annual gonadal dose
equivalent (AGDE) have been calculated and compared with
the internationally approved values. For group A, the calculated
averages of these parameters are in good agreement
with the international recommended values except
for the absorbed dose rate and the AGDE values which
are slightly higher than the international recommended
values. However, for group B, all obtained averages of
these parameters are much higher by several orders of
magnitude than the international recommended values.
The present work provides a background of radioactivity
concentrations in the soil of Assiut.

The natural radioactivity of soil samples from
Assiut city, Egypt, was studied. The activity concentrations
of 28 samples were measured with a NaI(Tl) detector. The
radioactivity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K
showed large variations, so the results were classified into
two groups (A and B) to facilitate the interpretation of the
results. Group A represents samples collected from different
locations in Assiut and characterized by low activity concentrations
with average values of 46.15±9.69, 30.57±4.90,
and 553.14±23.19 for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K, respectively.
Group B represents samples mainly collected from the area
around Assiut Thermal Power Plant and characterized by very
high activity concentrations with average values of 3,803±145,
1,782±98, and 1,377±78 for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K, respectively.
In order to evaluate the radiological hazard of the natural
radioactivity, the radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the
absorbed dose rate (D), the annual effective dose rate (E), the
external hazard index (Hex), and the annual gonadal dose
equivalent (AGDE) have been calculated and compared with
the internationally approved values. For group A, the calculated
averages of these parameters are in good agreement
with the international recommended values except
for the absorbed dose rate and the AGDE values which
are slightly higher than the international recommended
values. However, for group B, all obtained averages of
these parameters are much higher by several orders of
magnitude than the international recommended values.
The present work provides a background of radioactivity
concentrations in the soil of Assiut.

The natural radioactivity level of heavy oil, ash and soil samples around Assiut Thermal Power Plant
(ATPP) in Egypt was determined using gamma ray spectrometry. The average concentrations of 226Ra,
232Th and 40K in fly ash were found to be 2307±143, 1281±80 and 1218±129 Bq kg-1, respectively,
while the corresponding values in soil samples were 2670±107, 1401±78 and 1495±100 Bq kg-1,
respectively. These are extremely high and higher by several orders of magnitude than the worldwide
population-weighted average values in soil. The radium equivalent activity, the air absorbed dose rate,
external hazard index and the annual effective dose rate were calculated and compared with the
international recommended values. All averages of these parameters are much higher by several orders
of magnitude than the international recommended values, indicating significant radiological health
hazards around ATPP due to the radionuclides in the soil. Moreover, the water samples investigated
have high activity concentrations indicating that the water is highly contaminated with radioactive
materials. The results of the current study highlight the severity of this radioactive pollution on the
population in the vicinity of ATPP.