يهدف هذا البحث إلى التعرف على أهم المشكلات أو المعوقات سواء المتعلقة بالجوانب الإنتاجية أو التسويقية والتى تواجه مزارعى نخيل البلح فى محافظة الوادى الجديد. وقد تم تحديد وحصر أهم المشكلات الإنتاجية والتسويقية التى تواجه مزارعى هذا المحصول فى محافظة الوادى البجديد, ثم تناول الأسلوب التحليلى المستخدم فى تحليل البيانات الإحصائية, والطرق الإحصائية فى تحليل أراء المزارعين, والتى جمعت باستخدام استمارة الاستبيان والتى تضمنت أسئلة عن آراء المزارعين عن أهم المشكلات التى تواجههم, مع ترتيب المشكلة إن وجدت من وجهة نظرهه بالنسبة لبقية المشكلات, وبتحليل هذه التراتيب بالطرق الإحصائية غير القياتسية, كما تم استخدام أسلوب تحليل البيانات.

يهدف هذا البحث إلى التعرف على أهم المشكلات أو المعوقات سواء المتعلقة بالجوانب الإنتاجية أو التسويقية والتى تواجه مزارعى نخيل البلح فى محافظة الوادى الجديد. وقد تم تحديد وحصر أهم المشكلات الإنتاجية والتسويقية التى تواجه مزارعى هذا المحصول فى محافظة الوادى البجديد, ثم تناول الأسلوب التحليلى المستخدم فى تحليل البيانات الإحصائية, والطرق الإحصائية فى تحليل أراء المزارعين, والتى جمعت باستخدام استمارة الاستبيان والتى تضمنت أسئلة عن آراء المزارعين عن أهم المشكلات التى تواجههم, مع ترتيب المشكلة إن وجدت من وجهة نظرهه بالنسبة لبقية المشكلات, وبتحليل هذه التراتيب بالطرق الإحصائية غير القياتسية, كما تم استخدام أسلوب تحليل البيانات.

Recently, the demand for functional foods containing bioactive compounds with therapeutic and disease-preventing properties has increased. This work aimed to study the effect of soaking and malting processes on nutrient and bioactive compounds in selected Egyptian barley cultivars. Three barley varieties, namely, Giza128, Giza130, and Giza 2000, were investigated. Protein content in all raw and treated samples were ranged from 8.46 to 13.30g/100g on a dry weight basis. The crude fat and carbohydrate content were slightly decreased in all treated samples. Phenolic compounds content of raw barley seeds being, 336.2, 461.8, and 460.5 mg/100g in Giza128, Giza130, and Giza 2000, respectively, while flavonoids content recorded 35.3, 58.1, and 31.3 mg/100g, respectively. Antioxidant activity in untreated samples were 29.45, 37.08, and 28.58% for Giza 128, Giza 130, and Giza 2000, respectively. Soaking of barely seed samples for 12 h increased total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity by 7.6-20.3, 11.7- 19.3, and 10.5-21%, while the germination process for 48 h increased it by 37.3-69, 30.3- 62.6, and 36-65%, respectively. With germination time (48 h), the total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity have been gradually increased and subsequently decreased with the further of malting was occurred. It can be concluded from results that their nutritional properties and therapeutic properties with potential using treated barley flour to produce functional foods have hardly improved by soaking and germinating.

Soil salinity is deleterious for the growth and biological N2 fixation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), but nitrogen fertilization has been beneficial in some cases. This study was conducted to investigate the potential benefit of N fertilization on alfalfa growth and N2 fixation under saline conditions. Solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl) and hydrous calcium chloride (CaCl2.2H2O) were added to induce ECe (electrical conductivity of the saturated paste extract) targeted at 0.5, 5, 10, and 15 dS m−1 in a sandy loam soil. 15N-labeled ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) was added to the soil at 30, 60, and 120 mg N kg−1 soil. Alfalfa shoot and root dry weights, root nodule counts, shoot total nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and sodium (Na+), and the amount of N derived from air (%Ndfa) were determined. Shoot Na concentration increased, and plant biomass, shoot N and K concentration, root nodules, and nitrogen Ndfa decreased as soil salinity increased. At all salinity levels, the highest plant biomass, shoot total N content, and K/Na ratio were recorded at 120 mg N kg−1 soil. Root nodulation and %Ndfa were highest at 60 mg N kg−1 soil under nonsaline conditions while under saline conditions, the highest nodulation and %Ndfa were recorded at 30 mg N kg−1 soil. Plant biomass, nodule number, and %Ndfa were greater in the third cut than in the first cut. Addition of nitrogen fertilizers seemed to have a positive effect in alleviating salt stress in alfalfa and maintaining shoot biomass production, but N fertilization may limit the plant’s ability to fix atmospheric N.

Forty F1 grain sorghum crosses, their parents (eight CMS A-lines and five male R-lines) and one commercial hybrid (H-306) as check were evaluated for grain yield/plant and some other traits in 2011 and 2012 seasons at Shandaweel Agric. Res. Station, Sohag, Egypt under three irrigation levels (100, 70% and 40% from optimum water irrigation level). The combined analysis across the three levels of irrigation at each of the two years showed highly significant mean squares due to irrigation levels, and genotypes and their interaction for all studied traits, indicating genetic variability for all studied traits. In addition, highly significant mean squares were found due to interaction of genotype × irrigation, indicating differential response for different genotypes under different levels of irrigation for all studied traits except for days of 50% flowering. Also, high significant differences among genotypes, crosses, parents were found, for all studied traits in the two seasons. These results reflect the important roles of both additive and non-additive in the inheritance of number of days to 50% flowering, plant height, 1000-grain weight and grain yield/plant. Female lines (ASH-6, ASH-11, ICSA-37 and ICSA-88003) and the male lines (ICSR-92003 and ICSV-273) had positive and highly significant general combining ability effects for grain yield under the three irrigation levels over the two seasons. These lines had favorable genes and would be considered good combiners for high yielding ability. The crosses (ASH-8 × ICSR-89028) and (ICSA-37 × ICSR-92003) had positive and highly significant SCA effects under the three of irrigation treatments over the two seasons and would be considered the best combinations for grain yield

Forty F1 grain sorghum crosses, their parents (eight CMS A-lines and five male R-lines) and one commercial hybrid (H-306) as check were evaluated for grain yield/plant and some other traits in 2011 and 2012 seasons at Shandaweel Agric. Res. Station, Sohag, Egypt under three irrigation levels (100, 70% and 40% from optimum water irrigation level). The combined analysis across the three levels of irrigation at each of the two years showed highly significant mean squares due to irrigation levels, and genotypes and their interaction for all studied traits, indicating genetic variability for all studied traits. In addition, highly significant mean squares were found due to interaction of genotype × irrigation, indicating differential response for different genotypes under different levels of irrigation for all studied traits except for days of 50% flowering. Also, high significant differences among genotypes, crosses, parents were found, for all studied traits in the two seasons. These results reflect the important roles of both additive and non-additive in the inheritance of number of days to 50% flowering, plant height, 1000-grain weight and grain yield/plant. Female lines (ASH-6, ASH-11, ICSA-37 and ICSA-88003) and the male lines (ICSR-92003 and ICSV-273) had positive and highly significant general combining ability effects for grain yield under the three irrigation levels over the two seasons. These lines had favorable genes and would be considered good combiners for high yielding ability. The crosses (ASH-8 × ICSR-89028) and (ICSA-37 × ICSR-92003) had positive and highly significant SCA effects under the three of irrigation treatments over the two seasons and would be considered the best combinations for grain yield

The study was carried out during 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons at the Exp. Farm of Assiut University, to Evaluate 20 bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L) for traits related to lodging resistance and yield under different levels of nitrogen fertilization i.e. 50, 75 and 100 kg N/fed. The results could be summarized as follow: - There were highly significant differences among the studied genotypes, levels of nitrogen and genotypes x nitrogen interaction traits related to lodging. - Plant height was positively and high significantly correlated with the second internode length under all nitrogen levels, while it was negatively highly significantly correlated with second internode diameter with an increase nitrogen levels. - The mean plant height and length of second internode over all genotypes increased as nitrogen rate increased up to 100 kg N/fed. - Increasing nitrogen rate up to 75 kg/fed. led to significant increase in the stem diameter, dry weight/unit and internode length. However, adding more nitrogen fertilizer showed negative effect on the above mentioned traits. - The lodging percentage increased with the increase of nitrogen rate. The causes of lodging differed from cultivar to another. - The grain yield significantly increased with the increase of nitrogen rate up to 100 kg/fed. - Results showed that the genotype Sakha 93 was the best for lodging percentage.

The study was carried out during 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons at the Exp. Farm of Assiut University, to Evaluate 20 bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L) for traits related to lodging resistance and yield under different levels of nitrogen fertilization i.e. 50, 75 and 100 kg N/fed. The results could be summarized as follow: - There were highly significant differences among the studied genotypes, levels of nitrogen and genotypes x nitrogen interaction traits related to lodging. - Plant height was positively and high significantly correlated with the second internode length under all nitrogen levels, while it was negatively highly significantly correlated with second internode diameter with an increase nitrogen levels. - The mean plant height and length of second internode over all genotypes increased as nitrogen rate increased up to 100 kg N/fed. - Increasing nitrogen rate up to 75 kg/fed. led to significant increase in the stem diameter, dry weight/unit and internode length. However, adding more nitrogen fertilizer showed negative effect on the above mentioned traits. - The lodging percentage increased with the increase of nitrogen rate. The causes of lodging differed from cultivar to another. - The grain yield significantly increased with the increase of nitrogen rate up to 100 kg/fed. - Results showed that the genotype Sakha 93 was the best for lodging percentage.

This investigation was carried out to study the effect of temperature resulting from different sowing dates during the stage of flowering and seed maturity as well as the effect of genotypes x environment interaction on seed yield and its components in some populations of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). A set of six populations from Egypt and one Genan from U.S.A. (Aswan, Balady, Dakha, Ismailia-1, Nitrogen fixed and Siwa) were sown on three sowing dates i.e. 20th of each of October, November and December in randomized complete block design with three replicates in the experimental farm of South Valley University during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons. Three cuts were taken after 80, 125 and 165 days from sowing. The results revealed that the highest number of pods/plant (63.8), 1000 seed weight (2.77 g) and seed yield/plant (0.86 g) were obtained from sowing on the 20th November. This result is due to that seed production is taking place during the April month. The Aswan population outyielded (134.8 g/m2) other tested populations. On the other hand, Genan U.S.A. population gave the lowest yield (51.2 g/m2) over all sowing dates and seasons. Moreover, the environments, populations and their interaction were signficiant for number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, 1000 seed weight and seed yield. The estimates of genotypic stability parameters ( and ) for seed yield and its components showed that the average stability region involved Ismailia-1 population for number or pods/plant; Balady, Ismailia-1 and Nitrogen fixed populations for number of seeds/pod; Ismailia-1 for 1000 seed weight and Nitrogen fixed for seed yield/m2. Also, the results showed that Aswan population was the highest seed yielding, but exhibited less stability (instable in seed yield). In contrast, Nitrogen fixed population showed lower seed yield, but in stable region. Keywords: Alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., Sowing date, Stability, Genotype x environment interaction, Seed yield and its components.

This investigation was carried out to study the effect of temperature resulting from different sowing dates during the stage of flowering and seed maturity as well as the effect of genotypes x environment interaction on seed yield and its components in some populations of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). A set of six populations from Egypt and one Genan from U.S.A. (Aswan, Balady, Dakha, Ismailia-1, Nitrogen fixed and Siwa) were sown on three sowing dates i.e. 20th of each of October, November and December in randomized complete block design with three replicates in the experimental farm of South Valley University during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons. Three cuts were taken after 80, 125 and 165 days from sowing. The results revealed that the highest number of pods/plant (63.8), 1000 seed weight (2.77 g) and seed yield/plant (0.86 g) were obtained from sowing on the 20th November. This result is due to that seed production is taking place during the April month. The Aswan population outyielded (134.8 g/m2) other tested populations. On the other hand, Genan U.S.A. population gave the lowest yield (51.2 g/m2) over all sowing dates and seasons. Moreover, the environments, populations and their interaction were signficiant for number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, 1000 seed weight and seed yield. The estimates of genotypic stability parameters ( and ) for seed yield and its components showed that the average stability region involved Ismailia-1 population for number or pods/plant; Balady, Ismailia-1 and Nitrogen fixed populations for number of seeds/pod; Ismailia-1 for 1000 seed weight and Nitrogen fixed for seed yield/m2. Also, the results showed that Aswan population was the highest seed yielding, but exhibited less stability (instable in seed yield). In contrast, Nitrogen fixed population showed lower seed yield, but in stable region. Keywords: Alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., Sowing date, Stability, Genotype x environment interaction, Seed yield and its components.