Antennal morphology and funicular sensillae of male and female peach fruit flies, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae), were studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This study focused on the sensillae found on the antennal segments (scape, pedicel, and flagellum or funiculus that bears the arista) of B. zonata. Antennal segments of females tended to be larger than those of the males. The first two antennal segments, scape and pedicel, were heavily covered with microtrichia and bear bristles. Numerous microtrichia as well as trichoid (I, II), basiconic, clavate, and coeloconic sensillae were observed on the funiculus. SEM studies showed some differences in size and also in position of some sensillae on the antennae of the females of B. zonata. The sensillae found on the funiculus, such as trichoid and basiconic sensillae, were significantly larger in females.

This study was carried out under laboratory conditions in Assuit insect research laboratory, plant protection research institute during the active season of 2012. Here we investigate the effect of certain different states of honey bee queens on the development of worker ovaries and hypo-pharyngeal glands (HG). These states of queens were: mated queens of 1- year-old, mated supersedure queens, virgin queens of 3- day old, queen cells, queenless and queenless/ without bee bread. Both mated queens of 1- year-old and mated supersedure queens don’t appeared any egg- laying workers (fully developed ovaries). The maximum percentage of egg- laying workers 76.75% was recorded in the workers without queens. While, the minimum percentage 3.25% was recorded in case of the workers headed with queenless/ without bee bread. All queen states under experiment occurred highly significant activation in the HG development of bee workers, in compared to queenless/ without bee bread bees. Also, the present study was showed that bee bread or protein feeding plays an important role in regulation reproductive system and food producing gland development of bee workers.

The investigation was carried out under laboratory conditions at Assuit insect research laboratory, plant protection research institute during the active season of 2012. The bee-bread conception and honeybee workers longevity were studied in reference to effects of the effects of certain queen statuses [egg- laying mated queen of one year old (M), supersedure queen (S), three- days old virgin queen (v), queen cell at the beginning of sealed (Q), without queen (W), and without queen/without bee bread (W/W)] means of bee bread consumption of newly emerged worker bees with tested queen statuses didn’t differ significantly. The highest bee bread consumption through thirty – three days after emergence was recorded for the workers under Q status (48.513 mg). The lowest consumption was noticed for workers under V status (37.626 mg). Mortality rates of honeybee workers under different status of queen were calculated, indicated that the lifetime of honeybee workers under M, S, and Q statuses, was mostly similar, and recording 40.22; 39.12; and 39.1 days, respectively, while the workers under V status, their LT 50 extended to 41.55 days. For caged worker bees under W/W status, their longevity shortened LT50 to 11.75 days in compared with the workers under W status where their LT50 21.50 days. It is clear that the different queen statuses play an important role on the bee bread consumption and also play an important role on influencing the longevity of honeybee workers.

The present investigation was directed to study the effect of some natural oils on the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella L. five essential oils were testes against larvae (middle and late instars) and pupal stages of the pest. The tested oils were Lemon, Citrus limon; Camphor, Eucalyptus globules, Mint, Mintha spicata; Ginger, Zingiber ofifcinale and Thyme, thymus vulgaris. Toxicity results of oils against larvae (middle and late) instars as well as pupal stage of greater wax moth toxic indicated that mint and ginger were the most toxic oils. The other oils had low toxicity than these oils. The above natural oils were tested, in the line of trying to find out whether they can be used as insecticides against the pest.

The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae was recorded as a serious pest of canola plant. The morphology and ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla of both alate and apterous forms of adult, B. brassicae were observed. This study also focus on the ultrastructure of the sensilla on the different parts of cabbage aphid. These were examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to highlight the importance of these sense organs as a source of morphological characters for taxonomy, phylogeny and to understand the mechanism in which aphid could resist the control methods.

Monitoring of the pest population round the year is one of the most important basic information in formulating IPM concept for sustainable agriculture. The study aimed to investigate the seasonal fluctuation of the adult fly round the year for two successive seasons 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 through the use of cue-lure traps with referring to their affecting by the main weather factors such as temperature (minimum and maximum) and mean relative humidity at Assiut Governorate. Significant variation in occurrence of the pest was recorded during the period of investigation. During warm months the flies were more active as compared to that of cold weather period (December, January, and February) months. Significant positive correlation (r) of fly incidence was noted with maximum and minimum temperature (r = 0.395 and 0.413 respectively) with the fruit fly catch per trap for the first year 2008-09 and (r = 0.243 and 0.280 respectively) for the second year 2009-10. However, in relative humidity negatively correlated for two years (r = -0.218 and -0.182 respectively) recorded with the fly catch. The efficiency of these factors were minimum temperature came first, relative humidity and maximum temperature came second or third in its efficiency. Results of the present investigation may be utilized in chalking out sustainable pest management strategy in the agro-ecological system under consideration.

The effect of different statuses of honeybee queens, Apis mellifera (one-year-old mated queen; supersedure queen; three-day old virgin queen; queen cell; without queen; and without queen/without bee bread) on many aspects of 3- day old workers were studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This study was carried out to describe the (types, distribution, numbers and measurements) of the different sensilla on the workers’ flagellum. Electrone microscopic study of workers under different queen statuses showed the morphological structure of the antennae (Geniculate antennae). Each antenna composed of scape, a pedicel, and a flagellum of 10 segments. SEM revealed the presence of seven types and eleven subtypes of sensilla on the dorsal side of the different flagellomeres; they were Sensilla Ampullacea {Am}, Sensilla Basiconica {Ba}, Sensilla Campaniformia {Cf}, Sensilla Chaetica I, II {Ch}, Sensilla Coelloconica I, II {Co}, Sensilla Placodea I, II, III {PL}, Sensilla Trichodea I, II, III, IV {Tr}. This study revealed that, there is no significant difference in the numbers of sensilla (Am), (Ba), (Co I) of the workers under all the queen statuses. The measurements of sensilla Chaetica differ significantly according to the different queen statuses. The numbers and distributions of (Co II) were exhibited at extremely low percentages in the different statuses. There is significant difference in the percentages of each (PL I, II, III) between the different queen statuses. Also, the (Tr I, II, III, IV) are found in all statuses, There is significant difference in the percentages of each sensilla types between the different queen statuses.

The magnetostratigraphy susceptibility technique is used to establish high-resolution correlation among Paleocene–Eocene boundary sequences in Egypt, Spain, and the U.S.A. This work initially focuses on the Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP), defining the base of the Ypresian Stage (lowest Eocene), located in the Dababiya Quarry near Luxor in Upper Egypt. The base of the Eocene represents the beginning of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) identified by a negative carbon isotope (δ13C) excursion. While onset of the CIE is somewhat gradual in most reported Paleocene–Eocene (P–E) sections, at the GSSP it is very abrupt and begins immediately after an unusual lithologic change that magnetic susceptibility (MS) and other data indicate represents a short erosional or nondepositional hiatus. Comparison of MS zones from five well-studied marine sequences (the Dababiya Quarry GSSP, Jebal El Qreiya, also in Upper Egypt, Zumaia in northern Spain, Alamedilla in southern Spain, and the MGS-1 Harrell Core from southeastern Mississippi, U.S.A.) with that from the GSSP site shows a period of reduced sedimentation and nondeposition through the boundary interval in the GSSP. This interval, estimated to have lasted for ~ 10,000 years, is less than the biostratigraphic resolution for the site. Due to the hiatus in the GSSP, we have chosen the P–E section in Zumaia as the MS reference section for the P–E boundary interval. Because the correlation between the Zumaia section in Spain and the MGS-1 Core from the U.S.A. is excellent, and because the MGS-1 data set represents a longer interval of time than does the Zumaia data set, we use the MS data from the MGS-1 Core to extend the MS zones from Zumaia and establish a MS composite reference section (MS CRS) for the P–E boundary interval sampled. Orbital-forcing frequencies for the Zumaia reference section are then identified, via spectral analysis. Extending the MS zones into the MS CRS allows age assignment to MS zones for all five sections with a resolution of ~ 26,000 years.

The magnetostratigraphy susceptibility technique is used to establish high-resolution correlation among Paleocene–Eocene boundary sequences in Egypt, Spain, and the U.S.A. This work initially focuses on the Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP), defining the base of the Ypresian Stage (lowest Eocene), located in the Dababiya Quarry near Luxor in Upper Egypt. The base of the Eocene represents the beginning of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) identified by a negative carbon isotope (δ13C) excursion. While onset of the CIE is somewhat gradual in most reported Paleocene–Eocene (P–E) sections, at the GSSP it is very abrupt and begins immediately after an unusual lithologic change that magnetic susceptibility (MS) and other data indicate represents a short erosional or nondepositional hiatus. Comparison of MS zones from five well-studied marine sequences (the Dababiya Quarry GSSP, Jebal El Qreiya, also in Upper Egypt, Zumaia in northern Spain, Alamedilla in southern Spain, and the MGS-1 Harrell Core from southeastern Mississippi, U.S.A.) with that from the GSSP site shows a period of reduced sedimentation and nondeposition through the boundary interval in the GSSP. This interval, estimated to have lasted for ~ 10,000 years, is less than the biostratigraphic resolution for the site. Due to the hiatus in the GSSP, we have chosen the P–E section in Zumaia as the MS reference section for the P–E boundary interval. Because the correlation between the Zumaia section in Spain and the MGS-1 Core from the U.S.A. is excellent, and because the MGS-1 data set represents a longer interval of time than does the Zumaia data set, we use the MS data from the MGS-1 Core to extend the MS zones from Zumaia and establish a MS composite reference section (MS CRS) for the P–E boundary interval sampled. Orbital-forcing frequencies for the Zumaia reference section are then identified, via spectral analysis. Extending the MS zones into the MS CRS allows age assignment to MS zones for all five sections with a resolution of ~ 26,000 years.

In the apiary of Assiut University, the oriental hornets, Vespa orientalis L., were trapped and collecting every three days by using modified wooden traps to know their fluctuation and population during their active season. Also, detect the differences on the morphology, ultra-structure, and behavior between the different casts (queen, daughter worker and male) of V. orientalis. In the present study, the fluctuation showed that hornet population began with a slight increase number during September which comprised about (12.3%). In October, a big jump occurred (52.5 %) in their number. By the first week of November, the number started to decrease (26.7%) and then disappeared at the second fortnight of November. Antenna plays an important and vital role during host finding and acceptance behavior in insect life. Like many insects, oriental hornet Vespa orientalis L., use antennal chemo-receptors to detect the hosts during its active seasons. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies showed five types of sensilla (Chaetica, trichoidea, basiconica, placodea and coeloconica) were distributed on the antenna of the three different casts of the hornet. These function of sensillae possibly as chemo-, and tactile receptors, responding to movements of the antennae.