Cinnamaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde-derived compounds are candidates for the development of anticancer drugs that have received extensive research attention. In this review, we summarize recent findings detailing the positive and negative aspects of cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives as potential anticancer drug candidates. Furthermore, we describe the in vivo pharmacokinetics and metabolism of cinnamaldehydes. The oxidative and antioxidative properties of cinnamaldehydes, which contribute to their potential in chemotherapy, have also been discussed. Moreover, the mechanism(s) by which cinnamaldehydes induce apoptosis in cancer cells have been explored. In addition, evidence of the regulatory effects of cinnamaldehydes on cancer cell invasion and metastasis has been described. Finally, the application of cinnamaldehydes in treating various types of cancer, including breast, prostate, and colon cancers, has been discussed in detail. The effects of cinnamaldehydes on leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, and oral cancer have been summarized briefly.

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There is now good evidence that cytokines and growth factors are key factors in tissue repair and often exert anti-infective activities. However, engineering such factors for global use, even in the most remote places, is not realistic. Instead, we propose to examine how such factors work and to evaluate the reparative tools generously provided by ‘nature.’ We used two approaches to address these objectives. The first approach was to reappraise the internal capacity of the factors contributing the most to healing in the body, i.e., blood platelets. The second was to revisit natural agents such as whey proteins, (honey) bee venom and propolis. The platelet approach elucidates the inflammation spectrum from physiology to pathology, whereas milk and honey derivatives accelerate diabetic wound healing. Thus, this review aims at offering a fresh view of how wound healing can be addressed by natural means.

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Porous anodic alumina (PAA) films with periodically arranged horizontal and vertical nanopores have been applied as templates or platforms upon which optical sensors can be based. While the porosity and the refractive index of these 3D PAA can be tuned by varying the anodization parameters, the determination of these parameters from reflectance data has not been explored so far. In this study, we estimated the porosity and the refractive index of thin anodized Al-0.5 wt% Cu from the alumina film thickness and the interference pattern composed of the incident and reflected light beam in the alumina film. The 3D PAA films were prepared by anodization of Al-0.5 wt% Cu thin film deposited on TiN/Si substrate. Anodization was performed in three electrolytes at different concentrations (1 M sulfuric acid, 0.3 M oxalic acid and 0.75 M phosphoric acid) within the voltage range of 10-90 V. The structural characteristics showed that both pore size and inter-pore distance increased with increased anodization voltage and time while the pore density decreased exponentially. The results from reflectance spectra clearly showed that the effective refractive index of the samples decreased with voltage and anodization time, while porosity (total, vertical and horizontal) increased. The density of the samples was found to be inversely proportional to porosity.

Immobilization of HQ and PHQ on the surface of alumina, Al2O3, ( referred to it by AlO ) as an application for cation exchange of Al(III) in solution, used them for extraction of some heavy metal ions from their solutions and calculate the capacity of them. Immobilization of HQ or PHQ on Al2O3 was carried out and used for extraction of some metal ions as Fe(III), Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) from its solution. Spectra of substrate (AlO-HQ, AlO-PHQ or AlO-Cu) at universal buffer solution (pH 7.2 ± 0.1) was recorded, solution of metal ion was added, after contact time, filtrate, and dissolve the solid precipitate in pure ethanol, a peak at 305 nm was observed corresponding to HQ-Al(III). Addition of Cu(II) ion solution to AlO-HQ, a peak at 380 nm was appeared corresponding to HQ-Cu(II), the peak at 305 nm decreased until disappeared . The capacity of AlO-HQ was 100 mmol/g. While, addition of Fe(III) ion solution, new two peaks were appeared at 580 and 455 nm corresponding to formation of HQ-Fe(III) coordinated complex. The capacity of AlO-HQ for Fe(III) ion was 100 mmol/g. In addition of Ni(II) and Co(II) , the capacity of AlO-HQ for extraction of Ni(II) and Co(II) are 62.5 and 150 mmol/g, respectively. In the same conditions, and by the same way, Uv-visible absorption spectra of some metal ions extracted by AlO-PHQ and calculate the capacity of these metals as: [Cu(II): 500, Fe(III): 500, Ni(II): 75 and Co(II): 250 mmol/g ]. As an application, extraction of Ni(II) from real solution sample (Nickel nut) by AlO-PHQ was observed.

Immobilization of HQ and PHQ on the surface of alumina, Al2O3, ( referred to it by AlO ) as an application for cation exchange of Al(III) in solution, used them for extraction of some heavy metal ions from their solutions and calculate the capacity of them. Immobilization of HQ or PHQ on Al2O3 was carried out and used for extraction of some metal ions as Fe(III), Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) from its solution. Spectra of substrate (AlO-HQ, AlO-PHQ or AlO-Cu) at universal buffer solution (pH 7.2 ± 0.1) was recorded, solution of metal ion was added, after contact time, filtrate, and dissolve the solid precipitate in pure ethanol, a peak at 305 nm was observed corresponding to HQ-Al(III). Addition of Cu(II) ion solution to AlO-HQ, a peak at 380 nm was appeared corresponding to HQ-Cu(II), the peak at 305 nm decreased until disappeared . The capacity of AlO-HQ was 100 mmol/g. While, addition of Fe(III) ion solution, new two peaks were appeared at 580 and 455 nm corresponding to formation of HQ-Fe(III) coordinated complex. The capacity of AlO-HQ for Fe(III) ion was 100 mmol/g. In addition of Ni(II) and Co(II) , the capacity of AlO-HQ for extraction of Ni(II) and Co(II) are 62.5 and 150 mmol/g, respectively. In the same conditions, and by the same way, Uv-visible absorption spectra of some metal ions extracted by AlO-PHQ and calculate the capacity of these metals as: [Cu(II): 500, Fe(III): 500, Ni(II): 75 and Co(II): 250 mmol/g ]. As an application, extraction of Ni(II) from real solution sample (Nickel nut) by AlO-PHQ was observed.

Immobilization of HQ and PHQ on the surface of alumina, Al2O3, ( referred to it by AlO ) as an application for cation exchange of Al(III) in solution, used them for extraction of some heavy metal ions from their solutions and calculate the capacity of them. Immobilization of HQ or PHQ on Al2O3 was carried out and used for extraction of some metal ions as Fe(III), Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) from its solution. Spectra of substrate (AlO-HQ, AlO-PHQ or AlO-Cu) at universal buffer solution (pH 7.2 ± 0.1) was recorded, solution of metal ion was added, after contact time, filtrate, and dissolve the solid precipitate in pure ethanol, a peak at 305 nm was observed corresponding to HQ-Al(III). Addition of Cu(II) ion solution to AlO-HQ, a peak at 380 nm was appeared corresponding to HQ-Cu(II), the peak at 305 nm decreased until disappeared . The capacity of AlO-HQ was 100 mmol/g. While, addition of Fe(III) ion solution, new two peaks were appeared at 580 and 455 nm corresponding to formation of HQ-Fe(III) coordinated complex. The capacity of AlO-HQ for Fe(III) ion was 100 mmol/g. In addition of Ni(II) and Co(II) , the capacity of AlO-HQ for extraction of Ni(II) and Co(II) are 62.5 and 150 mmol/g, respectively. In the same conditions, and by the same way, Uv-visible absorption spectra of some metal ions extracted by AlO-PHQ and calculate the capacity of these metals as: [Cu(II): 500, Fe(III): 500, Ni(II): 75 and Co(II): 250 mmol/g ]. As an application, extraction of Ni(II) from real solution sample (Nickel nut) by AlO-PHQ was observed.

ABSTRACT: Cathodic stripping differential pulse voltammetric (CSDPV) procedure was successfully used for the determination of poly(8-roxyquinoline) (PHQ) matrix. The linearity range for the determination of PHQ in the presence (1 mmolL-1) of copper (Cu(II) ion was found to be more sensitive ten times of magnitude higher than the determination of PHQ alone. The lower detection limit was found to be as low as 10 nmolL-1. While, in the case for the determination of Cu(II) ion as a PHQ–Cu(II) chelate, the linearity range is (0 – 4 μmolL-1). The determination of PHQ chain and/or Cu(II) ion was successfully applied in the presence of variety of anions, cations and in an insulating poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix. The PVP matrix enhanced the absorbability at the mercury electrode surface which caused increased in the peak high of the chelated Cu(II)