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Modulation of the intestinal mucosal and cellmediated response against natural helminth infection in the African catfish Clarias gariepinus

Research Abstract
Abstract
Fish gut is a versatile organ serving as the primary pathway for invasion by pathogens, particularly parasites,
playing a crucial role in modulating the intestinal adaptive immune response. This study aimed to investigate the
cellular-mediated reaction, mucosal acidity, and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and CD68 in the intestines of catfish, Clarias gariepinus, naturally infected with
helminths. Forty catfish were collected from the Nile River and examined for intestinal parasites. The intestinal
tissues of the control and infected fish were fixed for histochemical and immunohistochemical studies. Two
groups of helminths were found: cestodes Tetracampos ciliotheca and Polyonchobothrium clarias, and nematodes
Paracamallanus cyathopharynx, with a prevalence rate of 63.63%, 18.0%, and 18.0%, respectively. Our results
showed that the infected fish had a statistically significant rise in the activity of immune cells, including mast cells,
eosinophil granular cells, and dendritic cells. This correlated with upregulation in the expressions of PCNA, VEGF,
and CD68. Histochemical analyses demonstrated a marked increase in acidic mucus production, Sudan black B,
and bromophenol mercury blue. This study enriches our understanding of the evolution of vertebrate immunity in
combating intestinal parasitic infections and the host’s adaptive responses.
Research Authors
Sara Salah Abdel-Hakeem, Yousef Abdal Jalil Fadladdin, Mohsen A. Khormi, and Hanan H. Abd-El-Hafeez
Research Date
Research Department
Research Pages
335
Research Publisher
BMC veterinary research
Research Vol
20
Research Year
2024

Pumpkin seed oil: unveiling its potential in controlling infammation and pathogenicity during experimental trichinellosis

Research Abstract
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the antiparasitic and anti-infammatory potential of pumpkin seed oil
in mice infected with Trichinella spiralis by demonstrating its impact on MMP-9 expression and pathogenesis dur‑
ing the intestinal and muscular phases.
Results In this study, 100 mice were divided into fve groups: an infected group, a pumpkin seed oil-treated
group (1.5 mg/kg BW, administered three times per week), an albendazole-treated group, a native control group,
and a pumpkin oil control group. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the pumpkin seed oil revealed
a broad spectrum of biologically active compounds. The pumpkin seed oil treatment led to a signifcant reduction
in the parasite burden, with a 75% decrease in adult worms and a 66% decrease in encysted larvae. Additionally,
the infected animals treated with pumpkin oil exhibited a marked reduction in intestinal infammation, character‑
ized by a progressive increase in goblet cells. The number of encysted larvae in the diaphragm and muscle tissues
was also signifcantly decreased. Furthermore, pumpkin seed oil treatment signifcantly reduced MMP-9 levels
in both intestinal and muscular tissues, highlighting its potential to attenuate infammation.
Conclusion These fndings underscore the efectiveness of pumpkin seed oil as anti-infammatory and antiparasitic
agent.
Research Authors
Sara Salah Abdel‑Hakeem, Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser, Alotaibi Meshal, Mahmoud Abdel‑Zaher Abdel‑Samiee, Mohamed Salah Eldin Youssef, Shimaa Hamdi Abd Elsadek and Salwa Mahmoud Abd‑Elrahman
Research Date
Research Department
Research Pages
419
Research Publisher
BMC veterinary research
Research Vol
20
Research Year
2024

Combating the causative agent of amoebic keratitis, Acanthamoeba castellanii, using Padina pavonica alcoholic extract: toxicokinetic and molecular docking approaches

Research Abstract
Natural products play a signifcant role in providing the current demand as antiparasitic agents,
which ofer an attractive approach for the discovery of novel drugs. The present study aimed to
evaluate in vitro the potential impact of seaweed Padina pavonica (P. pavonica) extract in combating
Acanthamoeba castellanii (A. castellanii). The phytochemical constituents of the extract were
characterized by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Six concentrations of the algal extract
were used to evaluate its antiprotozoal activity at various incubation periods. Our results showed that
the extract has signifcant inhibition against trophozoites and cysts viability, with complete inhibition
at the high concentrations. The IC50 of P. pavonica extract was 4.56 and 4.89 µg/mL for trophozoites
and cysts, respectively, at 24 h. Morphological alterations of A. castellanii trophozoites/cysts treated
with the extract were assessed using inverted and scanning electron microscopes and showed severe
damage features upon treatment with the extract at diferent concentrations. Molecular Docking
of extracted compounds against Acanthamoeba cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (AcCYP51) was
performed using Autodock vina1.5.6. A pharmacokinetic study using SwissADME was also conducted
to investigate the potentiality of the identifed bioactive compounds from Padina extract to be orally
active drug candidates. In conclusion, this study highlights the in vitro amoebicidal activity of P.
pavonica extract against A. castellanii adults and cysts and suggests potential AcCYP51 inhibition.
Research Authors
Sara S.Abdel‑Hakeem, FatenA. M. Hassan, Awatief F. Hifney, Shimaa H. Salem
Research Date
Research Department
Research Pages
13610
Research Publisher
Scientific reports
Research Vol
14
Research Year
2024

Data of subsurface velocity structures beneath the Japan Islands retrieved from horizontal-to-vertical ratios of earthquake with diffuse field concept

Research Abstract

The present data are subsurface velocity structures retrieved by applying the theory of diffuse field concept to the strong motion data of earthquakes observed at 1744 sites of K-NET and KiK-net (operated by the National Institute of Earth Science and Disaster Resilience) in Japan. Additionally, the data include peak fundamental and predominant frequencies as identified from the observed and theoretical horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios for earthquakes (eHVSR). Based on our novel proposed quarter wavelength approach, we could define the effective bedrock depths and correlate them with the corresponding peak frequencies. For better usefulness of the present data, we classify the sites into four categories based on the correlation coefficients and residuals between the observed and theoretical eHVSR. The potentiality of these data could be reused by other researchers to develop new approaches related to the limitations of the established bedrock regressions and the uncertainty associated with the retrieved subsurface velocity structures, particularly at sites with low correlation coefficients and high residuals. Moreover, the data of the subsurface velocity structures could be reused as initial models for future microtremor applications and better enhance the retrieved velocity structures and the associated theoretical eHVSR curves. The data of the present paper is associated with original published article by Thabet et al. [1], which is presented in the Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering under the title “A computational approach for bedrock regressions with diffuse field concept beneath the Japan Islands” [1].

Research Authors
Mostafa Thabet, Hiroshi Kawase, and Fumiaki Nagashima
Research Date
Research Department
Research Journal
Data in Brief
Research Pages
10
Research Publisher
ScienceDirect
Research Rank
Q3
Research Vol
54
Research Website
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2024.110313
Research Year
2024

Subsurface velocity structures at the Egyptian seismological network stations retrieved by diffuse field assumption for Earthquakes

Research Abstract

Retrieving detailed subsurface velocity structures down to the seismic bedrock at any given site is a crucial step to delineate the site amplification factors accurately and precisely. The present research work contributes first new estimations for detailed velocity structures down to the seismic bedrock beneath the Egyptian National Seismological Network (ENSN) stations, which are distributed in Egypt nationwide. We used the diffuse field assumption for earthquakes to reproduce the horizontal to vertical spectral ratios (EHVSR) at these stations. We accepted waveform database of 424 earthquakes recorded at 75 ENSN stations. After achieving the inverted subsurface velocity structures, we establish site-specific frequency-depth regression and map the VS30 and seismic bedrock depth beneath Egypt. Because of comparability regarding the seismic site class of B and C, the regression coefficients of the newly established frequency-depth regression exhibit similarity with those achieved from previous regressions in Japan. Furthermore, we observe modest consistency between the seismic bedrock depths and the various geologic features, particularly agreement between basin-shape seismic bedrock depths and the existence of Cretaceous and Jurassic extensional basins. Our findings suggest that the Precambrian basement rocks can be interpreted as the seismic bedrock in Egypt. One of the most significant obstacles in the present work is the low-dense distribution of ENSN stations nationwide. However, the achieved results raise new questions and challenges regarding precise and accurate future estimations for site amplification calculations at different localities in Egypt, particularly for urban planning by engineers.

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Research Authors
Mostafa Thabet and Khaled Omar
Research Date
Research Department
Research Journal
Engineering Geology
Research Pages
15
Research Publisher
ScienceDirect
Research Rank
Q1
Research Vol
338
Research Website
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107626
Research Year
2024

Dynamics of chaotic and hyperchaotic modified nonlinear Schrodinger ... compound synchronization

Research Abstract

We present in this paper four versions of chaotic and hyperchaotic modified nonlinear Schrödinger equations (MNSEs). These versions are hyperchaotic integer order, hyperchaotic commensurate fractional order, chaotic non-commensurate fractional order, and chaotic distributed order MNSEs. These models are regarded as extensions of previous models found in literature. We also studied their dynamics which include symmetry, stability, chaotic and hyperchaotic solutions. The sufficient condition is stated as a theorem to study the existence and uniqueness of the solutions of hyperchaotic integer order MNSE. We state and prove another theorem to test the dependence of the solution of hyperchaotic integer order MNSE on initial conditions. By similar way, we can introduce the previous two theorems for the other versions of MNSEs. The Runge-Kutta of the order 4, the Predictor-Corrector and the modified spectral …

Research Authors
Tarek MAbed-Elhameed , Mohamed Otefy and Gamal M Mahmoud
Research Date
Research Department
Research Journal
Physica Scripta
Research Pages
055226
Research Publisher
IOP Publishing
Research Vol
Volume 99, Issue 5
Research Website
https://scholar.google.com.eg/scholar?oi=bibs&cluster=13962563168753654723&btnI=1&hl=en
Research Year
2024

Dynamics of chaotic and hyperchaotic modified nonlinear Schrödinger equations and their compound synchronization

Research Authors
Tarek M Abed-Elhameed , Mohamed Otefy and Gamal M Mahmoud
Research Date
Research Department
Research Publisher
Phys. Scr. 99 (2024) 055226 https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad36ed

Plasma activated water effects on behavior, performance, carcass quality, biochemical changes, and histopathological alterations in quail

Research Abstract
Research Authors
Usama T. Mahmoud , Ghada Abd El-Reda , Fatma Abo Zakaib Ali , Manal A.M. Mahmoud, Sherief M.S Abd-Allah , F. M. El-Hossary and Nasser S. Abou Khalil
Research Date
Research Department
Research Journal
BMC Veterinary Research
Research Member
Research Pages
391
Research Vol
20
Research Website
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04231-4
Research Year
2024
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