Ability of regeneration of the hind limbs in newly metamorphosed toadlets of Bufo regularis Reuss was comparatively better at the knee joint level than at mid shank level or even at more distal levels; shank and ankle in the same stage and species. Histogenesis revealed the formation of a massive cartilaginous condyler capover the femur stump. Other cases which showed better regeneration restored part up to about half of the shank region or only the base of the shank with/without ill-formed knee joint, reaching 40% of the cases in the amputation series and 38% in the disarticulation series. One or more chondrifying centres, in regenerates of the latter series recall signs of organization. It is suggested that the mechanical stress caused by the disarticulation process evoked progressive histological change in favour of better regeneration. Histogenesis during the early post-operation days of the two types of experiments (amputation & disarticulation) and role of stump tissues with paucity of muscles at that level, are discussed.

In the present study, we investigated the impact of camel whey protein (CWP) on the survival of primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells that were isolated from 20 patients diagnosed with AML. We found that CWP induced apoptosis in the primary AML cells without affecting the normal PBMCs that were isolated from healthy individuals, as determined by PI/annexin V double staining followed by flow-cytometry analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these primary AML cells exhibited aberrant phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR and STAT3. Treatment of AML cells with CWP mediated significant reduction in the phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR and STAT3. Additionally, we demonstrated that blockade of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by wortmannin (WM) impaired the expression of Bcl-2 and BclXL in the primary AML cells, suggesting an essential cross-talk between PI3K and Bcl-2 that maintains the survival of AML cells. In this context, treatment of AML cells with CWP disrupted the PI3K/Bcl-2 cross-talk; significantly downregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bcl-2 and BclXL; markedly upregulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bak and Bax; and subsequently sensitized tumor cells to growth arrest. Our data revealed the therapeutic potential of CWP and the underlying mechanisms against leukemia.

In the present study, we investigated the impact of camel whey protein (CWP) on the survival of primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells that were isolated from 20 patients diagnosed with AML. We found that CWP induced apoptosis in the primary AML cells without affecting the normal PBMCs that were isolated from healthy individuals, as determined by PI/annexin V double staining followed by flow-cytometry analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these primary AML cells exhibited aberrant phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR and STAT3. Treatment of AML cells with CWP mediated significant reduction in the phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR and STAT3. Additionally, we demonstrated that blockade of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by wortmannin (WM) impaired the expression of Bcl-2 and BclXL in the primary AML cells, suggesting an essential cross-talk between PI3K and Bcl-2 that maintains the survival of AML cells. In this context, treatment of AML cells with CWP disrupted the PI3K/Bcl-2 cross-talk; significantly downregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bcl-2 and BclXL; markedly upregulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bak and Bax; and subsequently sensitized tumor cells to growth arrest. Our data revealed the therapeutic potential of CWP and the underlying mechanisms against leukemia.

Precise in vivo toxicological assays to determine the cardiotoxicity of pharmaceuticals and their waste products are essential in order to evaluate their risks to humans and the environment following industrial release. In the present study, we aimed to develop the sensitive imaging-based cardiotoxicity assay and combined 3D light-sheet microscopy with a zebrafish model to identify hidden cardiovascular anomalies induced by valproic acid (VPA) exposure. The zebrafish model is advantageous for this assessment because its embryos remain transparent. The 3D spatial localization of fluorescence-labeled cardiac cells in and around the heart using light-sheet technology revealed dislocalization of the heart from the outflow tract in two-day-old zebrafish embryos treated with 50 μM and 100 μM VPA (P < 0.01) and those embryos exposed to 20 μM VPA presented hypoplastic distal ventricles (P < 0.01). These two observed phenotypes are second heart field-derived cardiac defects. Quantitative analysis of the light-sheet imaging demonstrated that folic acid (FA) supplementation significantly increased the numbers of endocardial and myocardial cells (P < 0.05) and the accretion of second heart field-derived cardiomyocytes to the arterial pole of the outflow tract. The heart rate increased in response to the cellular changes occurring in embryonic heart development (P < 0.05). The present study disclosed the cellular mechanism underlying the role of FA in spontaneous cellular changes in cardiogenesis and in VPA-associated cardiotoxicity. The 3D light-sheet assay may be the next-generation test to evaluate the risks of previously undetected pharmaceutical and environmental cardiotoxicities in both humans and animals.

In this paper, we study some unique coupled coincidence points for rational type contractions involving
generalized altering distance functions in metric spaces. Our results unify and generalize various known comparable results from the current literature, Gupta et. al. [15], Nashine and Aydi [21], Rashwan and Saleh [25] and many known results. An example is also given to support our main results.

In this paper, we study some unique coupled coincidence points for rational type contractions involving
generalized altering distance functions in metric spaces. Our results unify and generalize various known comparable results from the current literature, Gupta et. al. [15], Nashine and Aydi [21], Rashwan and Saleh [25] and many known results. An example is also given to support our main results.

In the present paper, we propose a multi-valued version of weakly mixed monotone property for two single-valued mappings in partially ordered S -metric spaces. Also, we state and prove some coupled fixed
point theorems using this property. These theorems extend the corresponding results in [10].

In the present paper, we propose a multi-valued version of weakly mixed monotone property for two single-valued mappings in partially ordered S -metric spaces. Also, we state and prove some coupled fixed
point theorems using this property. These theorems extend the corresponding results in [10].

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Saudi patients are more likely to present CRC at advanced disease stages and at younger ages compared to other populations. The present study evaluated the anti-cancer effects of venoms extracted from indigenous snakes on the growth arrest of colon cancer cells. Walterinnesia aegyptia venom showed a significant cell death proportions against LoVo cells only, whereas Echis coloratus venom-induced apoptosis in LoVo, HTC-116, and HT-29 colon cancer cells. Also, it suppressed the levels of cyclin D1 and survivin, overexpressed p53 and p21 in HCT-116, HT-29, and LoVo cells. Our results provide evidence that snake venoms induce the growth arrest of colon cancer cells via cell cycle arrest, which promotes the direction toward further investigating the innovative therapeutic strategy using biologically synthesized snake venoms.

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