The current investigation was carried out to record the final stages of the development of both middle and distal parts of quail ceca,
Coturnix coturnix japonica to understand the role of ceca in digestion, immune system, and absorption. The cellular and subcellular structures,
including epithelial cell height, microvillus surface area, the proportion of goblet cells, the thickness of muscle layer, and cecum diameter
showed great variations during the development. An undeveloped smooth muscularis mucosa was observed for the first time on the
ED5. Primordia of glands were observed on the ED7. On the ED15, the middle part exhibited two shapes of mucosal villi: tongue-shaped
villi and U-shaped. The plicae and crypts of Lieberkühn were demonstrated on the hatching day. The lymphatic tissues appeared in the wall
of both parts of the ceca at the 4 weeks of age. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a great difference in the mucosal surface between
different regions. Telocytes were observed in-between the muscle fibers and formed a network during the post-hatching period. Because
of fermentation and other bacterial or chemical processes that have been shown to occur in the ceca, this study supports two hypotheses:
the cecal development is related to diet and the cecal epithelium act as a site for primary absorption of nutrients or for re-absorption of
electrolytes or amino acids derived from the urine.

The current investigation was carried out to record the final stages of the development of both middle and distal parts of quail ceca,
Coturnix coturnix japonica to understand the role of ceca in digestion, immune system, and absorption. The cellular and subcellular structures,
including epithelial cell height, microvillus surface area, the proportion of goblet cells, the thickness of muscle layer, and cecum diameter
showed great variations during the development. An undeveloped smooth muscularis mucosa was observed for the first time on the
ED5. Primordia of glands were observed on the ED7. On the ED15, the middle part exhibited two shapes of mucosal villi: tongue-shaped
villi and U-shaped. The plicae and crypts of Lieberkühn were demonstrated on the hatching day. The lymphatic tissues appeared in the wall
of both parts of the ceca at the 4 weeks of age. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a great difference in the mucosal surface between
different regions. Telocytes were observed in-between the muscle fibers and formed a network during the post-hatching period. Because
of fermentation and other bacterial or chemical processes that have been shown to occur in the ceca, this study supports two hypotheses:
the cecal development is related to diet and the cecal epithelium act as a site for primary absorption of nutrients or for re-absorption of
electrolytes or amino acids derived from the urine.

The current investigation was carried out to record the final stages of the development of both middle and distal parts of quail ceca,
Coturnix coturnix japonica to understand the role of ceca in digestion, immune system, and absorption. The cellular and subcellular structures,
including epithelial cell height, microvillus surface area, the proportion of goblet cells, the thickness of muscle layer, and cecum diameter
showed great variations during the development. An undeveloped smooth muscularis mucosa was observed for the first time on the
ED5. Primordia of glands were observed on the ED7. On the ED15, the middle part exhibited two shapes of mucosal villi: tongue-shaped
villi and U-shaped. The plicae and crypts of Lieberkühn were demonstrated on the hatching day. The lymphatic tissues appeared in the wall
of both parts of the ceca at the 4 weeks of age. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a great difference in the mucosal surface between
different regions. Telocytes were observed in-between the muscle fibers and formed a network during the post-hatching period. Because
of fermentation and other bacterial or chemical processes that have been shown to occur in the ceca, this study supports two hypotheses:
the cecal development is related to diet and the cecal epithelium act as a site for primary absorption of nutrients or for re-absorption of
electrolytes or amino acids derived from the urine.

The current investigation was carried out to record the final stages of the development of both middle and distal parts of quail ceca,
Coturnix coturnix japonica to understand the role of ceca in digestion, immune system, and absorption. The cellular and subcellular structures,
including epithelial cell height, microvillus surface area, the proportion of goblet cells, the thickness of muscle layer, and cecum diameter
showed great variations during the development. An undeveloped smooth muscularis mucosa was observed for the first time on the
ED5. Primordia of glands were observed on the ED7. On the ED15, the middle part exhibited two shapes of mucosal villi: tongue-shaped
villi and U-shaped. The plicae and crypts of Lieberkühn were demonstrated on the hatching day. The lymphatic tissues appeared in the wall
of both parts of the ceca at the 4 weeks of age. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a great difference in the mucosal surface between
different regions. Telocytes were observed in-between the muscle fibers and formed a network during the post-hatching period. Because
of fermentation and other bacterial or chemical processes that have been shown to occur in the ceca, this study supports two hypotheses:
the cecal development is related to diet and the cecal epithelium act as a site for primary absorption of nutrients or for re-absorption of
electrolytes or amino acids derived from the urine.

The current investigation was carried out to record the final stages of the development of both middle and distal parts of quail ceca,
Coturnix coturnix japonica to understand the role of ceca in digestion, immune system, and absorption. The cellular and subcellular structures,
including epithelial cell height, microvillus surface area, the proportion of goblet cells, the thickness of muscle layer, and cecum diameter
showed great variations during the development. An undeveloped smooth muscularis mucosa was observed for the first time on the
ED5. Primordia of glands were observed on the ED7. On the ED15, the middle part exhibited two shapes of mucosal villi: tongue-shaped
villi and U-shaped. The plicae and crypts of Lieberkühn were demonstrated on the hatching day. The lymphatic tissues appeared in the wall
of both parts of the ceca at the 4 weeks of age. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a great difference in the mucosal surface between
different regions. Telocytes were observed in-between the muscle fibers and formed a network during the post-hatching period. Because
of fermentation and other bacterial or chemical processes that have been shown to occur in the ceca, this study supports two hypotheses:
the cecal development is related to diet and the cecal epithelium act as a site for primary absorption of nutrients or for re-absorption of
electrolytes or amino acids derived from the urine.

The topological structure of generalized fuzzy soft sets introduced by Chakraborty and Mukherjee
[14]. Khedr et al [3] defined separation axioms in generalized fuzzy soft topological spaces by using
generalized fuzzy soft quasi coincident relation and generalized fuzzy soft Q neighborhood system. In this
paper, we introduce the separation axioms using generalized fuzzy soft quasi  coincident with sense of Ganguly and Saha [15]. Also, we give some basic theorems of separation axioms in generalized fuzzy soft topological spaces.

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High resolution calcareous nannofossil analyses of the Danian-Selandian (D-S) transition are carried out at Wadi El-Maheer section, northern Eastern Desert, Egypt. The detailed analyses lead to subdivide the NP4 Zone into six subzones (NTp5C- NTp6, NTp7A, NTp7B, NTp8A, NTp8B, and NTp8C). The main events observed at the studied section are well correlated to those observed at the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Selandian at Zumaia as well as Caravaca sections (Spain) and Qreiya section (Egypt) with minor discrepancies. The first and second radiation of fasciculiths are recorded and characterized by successive coinciding events. These two radiations are separated by an interval that lacked to fasciculiths. This interval seems to be synchronous across the Tethyan region and South Atlantic within the NTp8A Subzone. Therefore, this interval could represent an applicable event to correlate the D-S transition across different paleo-latitudes. The Latest Danian Event (LDE) is identified within the NTp7B Subzone. The calcareous nannofossil assemblages patterns during this event reflect short warming episode resemble to the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) but with a lesser degree.

The effect of electrical currents 3, 5 and 10 mA as well as a combination of lectrical currents of 5 and 10 mA and 1.8 mM Sodium chloride solution on glycogen, nonglycogen polysaccharides and total protein contents of hind limb regeneration in a climactic metamorphic stage (57( of the Egyptian toad, Bufo regularis Reuss was studied after amputation at distal third of the thigh and mid shank levels. The depletion of glycogen, nonglycogen polysaccharides and total proteins in the various tissues of limb regenerates was observed after five days of treatment whereas after fifteen days there was an increase in the amount of these substances. It was suggested that the increase in polysaccharides and proteins could be due to the restoration od aerobic cellular respiration and the relatively slow rate of building up of new cells.

The effect of electrical currents 3, 5 and 10 mA as well as a combination of lectrical currents of 5 and 10 mA and 1.8 mM Sodium chloride solution on glycogen, nonglycogen polysaccharides and total protein contents of hind limb regeneration in a climactic metamorphic stage (57( of the Egyptian toad, Bufo regularis Reuss was studied after amputation at distal third of the thigh and mid shank levels. The depletion of glycogen, nonglycogen polysaccharides and total proteins in the various tissues of limb regenerates was observed after five days of treatment whereas after fifteen days there was an increase in the amount of these substances. It was suggested that the increase in polysaccharides and proteins could be due to the restoration od aerobic cellular respiration and the relatively slow rate of building up of new cells.