The current article investigates the convective transport of a micropolar nanofluid (CuO–H2O) due to a sharp protruding isothermal heater within a trapezoidal enclosure full of porous elements utilizing a local thermal non-equilibrium state (LTNEM). A low temperature condition is imposed to the titled walls of the trapezoidal while three cases of a heated mode are considered based on the perimeter of the inner triangle. With the technique of the non-orthogonal grid, the control volume method is applied to treat the governing system of equations. Simulations are performed for various ranges of the Nield number, thermal conductivity ratio, the titled angle of the side walls of the trapezoidal, the aspect ratio and the vortex viscosity parameter. The outputs revealed that when the aspect ratio is growing from 0.3 to 1, there are an enhancement in the activity of the flow by 50% is given. Also, the heat conduction mode …
Thisstudynumericallyinvestigatesinclinedmagneto-hydrodynamicnaturalconvectioninaporouscavityfilledwithnanofluid containinggyrotacticmicroorganisms.Thegoverningequationsarenondimensionalizedandsolvedusingthefinitevolume method. The simulations examine the impact of keyparameters suchas heat source lengthandposition, Peclet number, porosity,andheatgeneration/absorptiononflowpatterns, temperaturedistribution,concentrationprofiles,andmicroorganism rotation.Resultsindicatethatextendingtheheatsourcelengthenhancesconvectivecurrentsandheattransferefficiency,while optimizing the heat sourceposition reduces entropygeneration.Higher Peclet numbers amplify convective currents and microorganismdistribution complexity.Variations inporosityandheat generation/absorption significantly influence flow dynamics. Additionally, the artificial neural networkmodel reliably predicts themeanNusselt andSherwood numbers ( ) Nu Sh & ,demonstratingitseffectiveness for suchanalyses.Thesimulationresults reveal that increasingtheheat source lengthsignificantlyenhancesheat transfer, asevidencedbya15%increaseinthemeanNusseltnumber.
Heat transfer through enhanced hydromagnetic mixed convection has the potential to be of long-term benefit in high-performance thermal equipment, hybrid fuel cell technologies, cooling systems for microelectronic devices, and subterranean cable networks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of an inclined magnetic field thermal radiation and a heat source/sink on the flow and temperature behavior of an Aluminium oxide-Copper/water-based nanofluid in an undulating permeable enclosure enclosing a four-sided solid-block. A f inite volume technique is used to solve the given governing equations. In order to construct a discussion based on the results, streamlines and isotherm contours are employed to characterize the flow pattern and temperature distribution, respectively. The current findings, which show good agreement with those found in the earlier literature, confirm that the recommended approach is reliable. The analysis focuses on the influence of heat generation, heat source length, thermal radiation, porous medium porosity, and the dimensionless placement of the left heater factors on flow and heat transfer characteristics. The length of the heat source (B) of the fluid flow in the cavity is observed to increase everywhere except for the square solder block and shift the top of the wavy wall. The Nu m grows when the φ raises in thermal radiation. The average Nusselt number increases with increased porosity, although the rate of increase is faster in areas with higher heat flow
Thispaperaimstoexplore,through a numerical study, buoyant convective phenomena in a porous cavity containing a hybrid nanofluid, taking into account the local thermal nonequilibrium (LTNE) approach. The cavity contains a solid block in the shape of a cross (þ). It will be helpful to develop and optimize the thermal systems with intricate geometries under LTNEconditions for a variety of applications.
In this paper, the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)-radiation-natural convection of a hybrid nanofluid within a U-shaped wavy porous cavity is investigated. This problem has relevant applications in optimizing thermal managementsystemsinelectronic devices, solar energy collectors, and other industrial applications where efficient heat transfer is very important. The study is based on the application of a numerical approach using the Finite Difference Method (FDM) for the resolution of the governing equations, which incorporates the Rosseland approximation for thermal radiation and the Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer model for porous media. It was found that the increase of Hartmann number (Ha) causes a reduction of the average Nusselt number (Nu), with a maximum decrease of 25% observed as Ha increases from 0 to 50. In addition, the influence of the wall’s wave amplitude and the heat source length on the heat transfer rate was quantified, and it was revealed that at high wave amplitude, the average Nu increases by up to 15%. These findings suggest that manipulating magnetic field strength and cavity geometry can significantly enhance thermal performance. The novelty of this is related to the exploration of a U-shaped wavy cavity, which is not covered in previous studies, and to the detailed examination of the combined effects of magnetic fields, radiation, and hybrid nanofluids.
This study addresses the critical need for optimizing heat transfer and fluid flow in porous ring structures, which are essential for various thermal management applications. The aim is to investigate how different parameters such as obstacle length(B), heat source position(D), heat generation coefficient(Q), Hartmann coefficient (Ha), porosity( ), and Rayleigh coefficient (Ra) affect heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in a porous ring structure with multiple heat sources. The modeling assumes steady-state conditions, isotropic and homogeneous porous media, and uniform heat generation within the obstacles. Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations were employed to analyze the effects of the aforementioned parameters on streamline distributions, temperature profiles, and heat transfer rates. Remarkably, increasing obstacle length and higher porosity generally enhance heat transfer efficiency, while positioning heat sources closer to the outer boundary and higher Rayleigh numbers lead to reduced heat transfer. The study reveals that, contrary to conventional expectations, various parametric changes consistently result in decreased heat transfer, making the porous ring structure suitable for applications requiring thermal isolation or minimized heat leakage.
Warfarin finds human application as anticoagulant therapy. Warfarin usage can cause liver damage and hemorrhage. Besides functioning as anticoagulant and causing continuous bleeding of pests, the mechanism of toxicity of warfarin is unknown. In this study, Wild female and male rats were administrated orally with warfarin for 18 days at 9, 18, 27.5, and 55 mg/kg, respectively. Hepatoxicity was determined by assessing, LD50, leukocyte counts, immunochemistry, histopathology, serum proteins, Western blotting, especially of markers of liver injury, such as AST, ALT & ALP, and markers of antioxidant and oxidative stress markers. Warfarin treatment decreased Nrf2 levels while it increased caspase 3, CYP2C9, COLL1A1. It caused cellular damage and fibrosis of liver. The plasma levels of markers of liver injury, AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin and transferrin were increased. The plasma levels of albumin, IgG and antitrypsin were decreased. Warfarin treatment decreased RBC and total lymphocyte count while increasing selectively neutrophils. Warfarin exposure caused increased oxidative stress; increased LPO and decreased GSH, SOD, CAT and NO production. Oral exposure of rats with Warfarin leads to increased oxidative stress resulting into liver damage via CYP2C9 mediated by Nrf2 depletion.
Limestone mining waste and its derived CaO were checked as an adsorbents of pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ ions
from water solution. The characterization of Limestone and calcined limestone was studied by using
X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis
(TGA), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Surface area measurements (BET). The optimum
conditions of sorbent dosage, pH, initial concentration, and contact time factors were investigated
for pristine limestone and calcined limestone absorbents. The results indicate that the optimum initial
concentrations of (Ci) were 1200, 500, and 300 ppm for Pb, Cu, and Cd, respectively, using calcined
limestone adsorbent, while using the pristine limestone adsorbent, the corresponding optimum initial
concentrations were 700, 110, and 50 ppm. In the ternary system sorption, the results indicated that
the selectivity sequence of the studied metals by limestone can be expressed as Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Cu2+, while
calcined limestone exhibits a higher selectivity for Pb2+ compared to Cu2+ and Cd2+. Hence, various
adsorption isotherm and kinetic models were examined to explore different patterns and behaviors of
adsorption. So, the results indicate that calcined limestone has great potential for eliminating cationic
heavy metal species from industrial water solutions.
