The Quseir Formation consists mainly of dark gray mudstones with a high organic matter content and excellent hydrocarbon-generating potential. The main objectives of this study are to highlight the dominant structural elements in the Komombo Basin, Egypt, and evaluate the geochemical characteristics of the Quseir Formation. Depth maps and a 3D structural model indicate two normal fault trends NW–SE and ENE–WSW. The NW–SE trend is the dominant one that created the primary half-graben system. The depth to the top of the Quseir Formation gradually decreases from the eastern and central parts towards the corners of the basin. The thickness of the Quseir Formation ranges from about 300 to 1000 ft. The 3D facies model shows that the shale has a large probability distribution in the study area, compared with the sandstone and siltstone. The source rock potential varies between good in the western part to very good in the eastern part of the basin. The organic-rich interval is dominated by gas-prone kerogen type III based on TOC and Rock-Eval. The pyrolysis data vitrinite reflectance (%R_o) (0.5–0.74%) and T_max values (406–454C°) suggest a maturity level that ranges from immature to early maturity stage for hydrocarbon generation.

Hemorrhagic cystitis is a potentially deadly complication associated with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. This study explored the protective effect of edaravone (ED) on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced hemorrhagic cystitis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in rats. The animals received 20 mg/kg ED for 10 days and a single injection of 200 mg/kg CP on day 7. CP induced tissue injury manifested by the diffuse necrotic changes, disorganization of lining mucosa, focal hemorrhagic patches, mucosal/submucosal inflammatory cells infiltrates, and edema. CP increased malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 6 (IL-6), decreased IL-10, and upregulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65, Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the urinary bladder of rats. ED effectively prevented the histopathological alterations, decreased MDA, NO, and inflammatory mediators, and downregulated TLR-4, NF-κB, JAK1, and STAT3 in CP-induced rats. Treatment with ED upregulated ikβ kinase β, IL-10, nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), and cytoglobin, and boosted glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferase. Molecular docking simulations revealed the ability of ED to bind TLR-4, NF-κB, JAK1, and STAT3. In vitro, ED increased the cytotoxic activity of CP against HeLa, Caco-2, and K562 cell lines. In conclusion, ED prevented CP-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats by attenuating oxidative stress, suppressing TLR-4/NF-κB, and JAK1/STAT3 signaling and boosted Nrf2, cytoglobin, and antioxidants.

Highly efficient Cu-doped TiO2 photocatalysts (CTO) with variation in Cu concentration (4 to 16 wt.%) were prepared via a modified sol-gel technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data indicate a pure anatase structure with a small crystallite size of 22.16 nm obtained for CTO-12 (12 wt.% Cu). The average crystallite size and energy bandgap with variation in Cu doping were also studied. All the samples exhibited a spherical morphology. The increment in the Cu concentration caused a systematic decrease in the photoluminescence (PL) intensity, which indicated a lower recombination rate of electron-hole pairs and hence higher separation efficiency. CTO-12 served as the best-suited photocatalyst, tested for photocatalytic degradation of cationic basic (methylene blue, rhodamine B) and anionic acidic (Methyl orange) dyes under UV light irradiation. The comparative study illustrates higher degradation efficiency obtained for cationic dyes than anionic dyes in the order of RhB>MB>MO. The highest degradation (95.3%) was obtained for RhB dye in 180 min. In addition, the further kinetic study suggested the degradation of dyes followed the first-order kinetics. The recyclability data demonstrated superior stability and reliability of the photocatalyst, suggesting its future utilization in potential wastewater treatment applications.

We report a microwave-combustion synthesis and structure-related physical properties of Ni_0.4Zn_0.6−xCr_xFe₂O₄ (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) nanocrystals in a study of effects by substitution among cations with different oxidation states, Cr³⁺ for Zn²⁺. High-quality nanocrystals with an average particle size of 26 – 33 nm and crystallite size ranged in 23 - 32 nm are revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Structural properties and cationic redistribution are studied by the XRD Rietveld analysis implying different preferences of Zn²⁺ and Cr³⁺ ions to occupy the tetrahedral and octahedral sites, respectively. Further characterization for the characteristic IR absorption bands, ionic valence states, chemical compositions and morphology have been performed by employing the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX …

A novel benzoxazine (BA-BZ-COOH) monomer has been prepared and its structure has been proved using various measurements. PBA-BZ-COOH/nanocomposites reinforced with varying content of modified nanoclay (MNC) have been prepared in situ polymerization method for superior thermal, optical, and anti-corrosion properties. The resulting nanocomposites are showed a good dispersion of MNC in the PBA-BZ-COOH matrix without aggregates and a partial intercalated/exfoliated structure. The PBA-BZ-COOH/MNC (3%) composite that cured at 210 °C had high glass transition temperature (190 °C), and high UV shielding (97 and 85% at wavelength 275 and 375 nm, respectively). Finally, PBZs nanocomposites with varying contents of MNC (0.5, 1, 2, and 3%) were prepared as coatings on MS and their anti-corrosion performance were discussed in detail. The electrochemical results showed …