Enhanced hydrogen evolution was pursued in this work. Rhodobacter sp. (Rb) and Rhodopseudomonas palustris (Rp), single or mixed were used to extract hydrogen molecules from Chlorella fusca biomass. To elevate their fermentable contents, Chlorella was grown at nitrogen and/or phosphorus deprivation. Besides, cellulase and/or macerozyme, Triton X100 or sonicated yeast were applied for further biohydrogen fermentation. Utilizing hydrolysates of mineral deprived Chlorella cultures, Rb exhibited relatively higher cumulative hydrogen (4200 ml L1 ) than Rp (2500 ml L1 ) while mixed cultures attained significantly higher levels (4700 ml L1 ). Triton or enzymes significantly enhanced hydrogen evolution, with more effectiveness of macerozyme than cellulase. A novel use of sonicated yeast, as enzymes pool, induced the highest significant collective H2 (up to 47 times that of microalgal supernatant). Sonicated yeast induced a remarkable hydrolysis of algae, as inferred from increased reducing sugars. However, hydrogen evolution efficiency exhibited poor proportionality with reducing sugars, indicating fermentation of other metabolites. © 2021 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Enhanced hydrogen evolution was pursued in this work. Rhodobacter sp. (Rb) and Rhodopseudomonas palustris (Rp), single or mixed were used to extract hydrogen molecules from Chlorella fusca biomass. To elevate their fermentable contents, Chlorella was grown at nitrogen and/or phosphorus deprivation. Besides, cellulase and/or macerozyme, Triton X100 or sonicated yeast were applied for further biohydrogen fermentation. Utilizing hydrolysates of mineral deprived Chlorella cultures, Rb exhibited relatively higher cumulative hydrogen (4200 ml L1 ) than Rp (2500 ml L1 ) while mixed cultures attained significantly higher levels (4700 ml L1 ). Triton or enzymes significantly enhanced hydrogen evolution, with more effectiveness of macerozyme than cellulase. A novel use of sonicated yeast, as enzymes pool, induced the highest significant collective H2 (up to 47 times that of microalgal supernatant). Sonicated yeast induced a remarkable hydrolysis of algae, as inferred from increased reducing sugars. However, hydrogen evolution efficiency exhibited poor proportionality with reducing sugars, indicating fermentation of other metabolites. © 2021 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK) is a 38kD polypeptide recognized as the target for many potential anti-inflammatory agents. Accumulating evidence indicates that p38 MAPK could perform many roles in human disease pathophysiology. Therefore, great therapeutic benefits can be attained from p38 MAPK inhibitors. Ginseng is an exceptionally valued medicinal plant of the family Araliaceae (Panax genus). Recently, several studies targeted the therapeutic effects of purified individual ginsenoside, the most significant active ingredient of ginseng, and studied its particular molecular mechanism(s) of action rather than whole-plant extracts. Interestingly, several ginsenosides: ginsenosides compound K, F1, Rb1, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2, Rg3, Rg5, Rh1, Rh2, Ro, notoginsenoside R1, and protopanaxadiol have shown to possess great therapeutic potentials mediated by their ability to downregulate p38 MAPK signaling in different cell lines and experimental animal models. Our review compiles the research findings of various ginsenosides as potent anti-inflammatory agents, highlighting the crucial role of p38 MAPK suppression in their pharmacological actions. In addition, in silico studies were conducted to explore the probable binding of these ginsenosides to p38 MAPK. The results obtained proposed p38 MAPK involvement in the beneficial pharmacological activities of ginsenosides in different ailments.

Zn-rich ZnCdS nanoparticles (NPs) are successfully synthesized by a facile chemical co-precipitation technique at room temperature. The crystal structure homogeneity of the as-synthesized ternary alloy is examined by the x-ray diffraction pattern and the micro-Raman spectroscopy. The average crystalline domain size is about 4 nm
indicating the spatial particle confinement of ternary ZnCdS NPs. The optical bandgap (Eg) of the as-synthesized
ZnCdS NPs is 3.95 eV that is higher than the corresponding ternary bulk alloy due to the improvement in the
quantum size effect. The effect of UV irradiation on the optical band gap of ZnCdS NPs is investigated at different
exposure times. A strong decrease in Eg is observed with increasing exposure time up to 60 min followed by Eg
saturation at higher UV exposure times. The as-synthesized ZnCdS nanopowder exhibits a wide emission spectrum extending from UV to visible spectral region, which originating from various intrinsic structural defects.
The aging of the as-synthesized ZnCdS nanopowder results in emission intensity quenching without changing
peak positions. The emission intensity is recovered by the direct exposure to UV irradiation. This indicates the
ability of UV irradiation to cure the emission characteristics of small NPs. This would provide more durability
about the emission characteristics of the ZnCdS NPs-based fluorescence sensor.

The exfoliation of micron-layered materials to few-layered nanosheets is still a great challenge due to their widespread use in various applications. Herein, we provide a new approach for one-step mechanical exfoliation and deposition of graphite, MoS2, and boron nitride at room temperature. The essence of this technique is that the shock compaction wave produced by the micron powder impact with the hard substrate at a high velocity induces fragmentation and exfoliation of layered materials. The lattice expansion due to removal of stacked layers and reduction of crystalline domain size in nanosized thin films is identified using x-ray diffraction and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope. Raman spectra of the nanostructured thin film indicate the improvement of disorder-related modes due to the kinetic-induced layer separation and powder fragmentation. X-ray photoelectron spectra analysis indicates the transformation of bond configuration from sp² hybridization of bulk hexagonal structure to sp³ in the nanostructured thin film.