Metal oxide titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanoparticles were synthesized by using a simple and economical sol-gel method. The prepared nanoparticles were used to evaluate methylene blue dye degradation and as catalysts in the oxidation of benzaldehyde. The crystallite size of the titanium dioxide nanoparticle was 18.3 nm, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The spherical morphology was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the elemental composition of the nanoparticle was found by energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis. The anatase form of the nanoparticle was confirmed by the bandgap 3.2 eV, which was measured using UV–DRS analysis. The bond between metal and oxygen was confirmed by the peaks at 485 and 606 cm–1 analyzed by Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR). The efficiency of the catalyst in dye degradation was 60.08, 68.38, and 80.89% with respect to 50, 75, and 100 mg catalyst weight. The yield % of benzoic acid was 94%, and the reduction efficiency against 4-nitrophenol was 98.44%

Compton scattering of single-energy ?-ray results in a one-to-one relationship between the incident and

scattered photon energies. This relationship is altered when the incident beam has a definite energy distribution

because of the broadening occurring in the energy distribution upon Compton scattering. This broadening

causes a change in the spectral density of the Compton-scattered spectra. To restore the spectral density, the

energy distribution of the scattered radiation must be manifested as a function of the scattering kinematics.

Here, we propose a simple analytic way to calculate the energy spread of the scattered photons in terms of the

geometry of the scattering process and the energy spread of the incident photon beam. The predictions of the

model agree with measurements of Compton scattering of quasi-monochromatic ?-ray beams, carried out at the

High Intensity ?-ray Source (HI?S) facility, Duke University. As a benchmark of our method, we measured the

intensity profile of energy-distributed ?-ray beams by direct measurements as well as by Compton scattering.

We found that only when the spectral density of the scattered radiation is restored, the measured intensity

profile agrees with the actual profile of the incident beam. The proposed method can continuously measure

the flux of an energy-distributed ?-ray beams in real time and on a bin-by-bin basis. Such online monitoring

of ?-ray beams is indispensable for in-beam measurements and applications.

A new series of pyrazolopyrazinoselenolotriazolopyrimidines was synthesized by a facile method based on condensation of 5-amino-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1Hpyrazolo[3,4-b]selenolo[3,2-e]pyrazine-6-carbonitrile (3) with triethyl orthoformate followed by intramolecular cyclization with hydrazine to afford 7-amino-8-imino3-methyl-1-phenyl-1,8-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[300,400:50 ,60 ]pyrazino[20 ,30 :4,5] selenolo [3,2-d]pyrimidine (5). The latter compound was utilized as a multipurpose precursor for the construction of other new triazoles fused to the pyrazolopyrazinoselenolopyrimidine moiety. Alternatively, acetylation and chloro-acetylation of compound 3 using acetic anhydride and chloroacetyl chloride yielded the acetyl amino 11 and chloroacetamido 12 derivatives, respectively. Compound 12 underwent nucleophilic substitution upon reaction with morpholine to provide the morpholinyl acetamide 13. Furthermore, the pyrazolopyridoselenolopyrazine ring system 14 was synthesized by the reaction of the o-amino-carbonitrile 3 with malononitrile. Assignment of the chemical structures for the new compounds was confirmed depending on elemental and spectral techniques. On the other hand, most of the synthesized compounds revealed promising results against various bacterial and fungal strains

Abstract Herein, we describe the synthesis of novel piperidinyl thieno tetrahydroisoquinolines attached or fused to other new heterocycles. The diazotization of the previously synthesized pyrrolyl carbohydrazide 1 followed by several reactions with ethanol, aniline and heterocyclization after boiling in dry xylene under Curtius rearrangement conditions yielded the corresponding carbamate, phenyl urea and pyrazino derivatives 3–5. Furthermore, the condensation of 1 with various aromatic aldehydes and ethyl acetoacetate afforded the consistent Schiff’s bases 6a-c and 7. The ring closure of the ethyl butanoate ester 7 furnished pyrazolyl compound 8 after heating in an ethanolic sodium ethoxide solution. Moreover, the nucleophilic addition of the carbohydrazide 1 to carbon disulfide in pyridine produced oxadiazolyl thione 9 which was reacted with ethyl chloroacetate to give ethyl sulfanyl acetate ester 10. The assignments of the chemical structures of these new heterocycles were confirmed by using elemental and spectral analysis. Alternatively, selected compounds were examined for antibacterial and antifungal screening. The results revealed highly promising influences against the nominated pathogenic strains