Fresh water is becoming increasingly scarce in Taiz city, Yemen, partly due to a growing population and in part due to pollution of near surface aquifers by municipal and industrial wastes. Electrical depth sounding has been found to be powerful tool to delineate subsurface contaminated zones. The measured apparent resistivity and 1D inversion models have been used to construct apparent maps and 2D geoelectrical cross-sections displaying the variation of resistivity of the subsurface layers.

In the present study, a vertical electrical sounding (VES) was conducted using the shlumberger array at 38 sites distributed over six profiles along the most important wadis in the Uplands Wadi Rasyan, Taiz, Yemen. The objectives of this study were:(1) to locate the distribution of contamination zones, and (2) to investigate the

Surface geophysical investigations, in addition to hydrochemical measurements were made on some locations at the western part of the River
Nile, Assiut. All the geoelectrical sounding measurements were made using the D.C. resistivity method. The geophysical results were
integrated with all available geological and hydrogeological information in order to recognize the probability of presence of water-bearing
formations, either fresh (low resistivity) or polluted (extremely low resistivity). Two conductive wet zones (shallow and/or deep) were
detected. Also, two extremely high resistive zones can be recognized; the first represents the surface dry zone (consisting of dry sands and
gravels), whereas the second is deeper in the entire surveyed area and may represent the bed rock (e.g. limestone). Only one extremely
conductive zone (< 20 Ohm-m) especially near and at the cultivated land in El-Madabigh and Beni-Adi is present, which may correspond to
clayey sediments or a polluted zone. The hydrochemical data show that the salinity decreases along the regional direction of the groundwater
flow and also along the sewage water movement in the irrigation canals.

The study of groundwater potential in Wadi El-Assiuoti is of a prime importance for both current and future
development. In this paper the groundwater occurrences are investigated using integrated; 1) geophysical well
logging (Self potential, Resistivity and Gamma Ray), 2) subsurface lithologic data and 3) hydraulic data
(transmissivity, transmissibility, hydraulic conductivity and storativity) in addition to reviewing all studies on
Wadi El-Assiuoti. Different petrophysical parameters (formation water resistivity, formation factor, porosity,
permeability, salinity and shale volume) are computed. These parameters are very necessary to identify the
aquifers characteristics in the surveyed area. The integration between geophysical and hydrogeological data
shows the possibility of two water bearing formation (Quaternary and Plio-Pleistocene). Generally, porosity and
permeability values of these aquifers decrease toward the west. The aquifers exist under unconfined to semi
confined conditions. The wide range values of both well efficiency and hydraulic conductivity indicate heterogeneity
in the lithology and hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer materials. The computed transmissibility
values indicate that the water-bearing sediments in the area under investigation are generally of high productivity.
In some localities due to the heterogeneity of sediment, the water-bearing sediments are of moderate
productivity. Recently, due to the increase of drilling activities at the middle part of the studied area some
problems concerning the groundwater potential and high salinity in the area are happening.

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) techniques have been progressively developed to investigate several types of subsurface
sedimentary features particularly in the upper zone of carbonate rocks. Most of common subsurface sedimentary heterogeneities
such as karst in the western carbonate plateau of Assiut were formed by natural processes. Detection of the karst
is very important to face up the expected socio-economical pressure, resulting from the dense population around the Nile
Valley and important for the cement industry. These heterogeneities represent anomalies or departures from the surrounding
or “background” geologic conditions which make them easier to detect by GPR. All the GPR profiles are made using an
antenna 200 MHz. The 400 MHz antenna is used only to get more details on one of the detected abnormal zones. A series of
the 3D model cross-section with variable depths in addition to 3D modules for the karst is constructed to ascertain the existence
and the characteristics of these features. The careful analysis of the upper part of constructed GPR cross-section in the
area is implemented by a digital three-dimensional model. It is believed that the examined area which having low-contrast
variable-depth heterogeneities (karst features) may give a satisfactory outcome only by 3D simulation. This study indicates
significant potential for the presence of karst in different locations and depths.

This study presents results of ground-penetrating radar surveys conducted for the exploration
of unexcavated tombs at the Kharga Oasis. Ground-penetrating radar surveys
were carried out on two ancient tombs. The first site was excavated in Labakha
and the second one is still being unexcavated in Gebel El-Siwa. The goal of this study
was to investigate the possibility of existence of unexcavated tombs in Labakha,
as well as the depth, extension and constituents of the unexcavated tomb in Gebel
El-Siwa. Ground-penetrating radar measurements were carried out using a singlechannel
system and the common offset approach. Based on the results obtained from
the ground-penetrating radar measurements with 200- and 400-MHz antennae in
Labakha, a detailed survey was carried out on the unexcavated tomb in Gebel El-
Siwa using a cart-mounted 400-MHz antenna system. 2D ground-penetrating radar
profiles were acquired and subsequently processed and interpreted. Isolated reflections
could be identified. Lateral continuity of the reflections could be observed only
through comparative analyses of the adjacent scans. By doing so, the remnants of the
two tombs became easier to correlate. Two ground-penetrating radar anomalies could
be detected in the archaeological site of Gebel El-Siwa; these anomalies are probably
caused by a nearby tomb. By correlating the obtained data with the archaeological
knowledge of the discoveries made in the surrounding areas, it was possible to interpret
the linear reflectors as to be caused by the tomb. This study has been useful in
providing archaeologists with information on the expression of this type of ancient
Egyptian necropolis tombs at Kharga.