A multi-channel rhodamine-pyrazole-based chemosensor (RhPzNH₂) was prepared by a simple synthetic method. The photophysical characteristics of the compound were determined in various organic solvents. The new probe responded discriminately to acidic and basic pHs; in acidic media (pH < 3) it produced a yellow emission centered at 555 nm, while in basic media (pH > 10) its emission was blue with a maximum at 460 nm. Moreover, the new RhPzNH₂ sensor responded significantly to Cu²⁺ by increasing the absorbance at 530 nm (limit of detection (LOD) 7×10⁻⁸ M). The stoichiometric ratio of Cu²⁺ ions and the probe in the complex formed was found to be 1:2, respectively. Possible structural arrangements of the ligand molecule and Cu²⁺ in the complex were studied by DFT computations and the most likely structural organization was proposed. Furthermore, the responses of the [(RhPzNH₂)₂-Cu]²⁺ complex were significant towards Ba²⁺ and CN^–. The substitution of Cu²⁺ in the complex decreased remarkably the absorbance at 530 nm by 72 %. On the other hand, CN^– increased both the absorbance at 530 nm and the fluorescence emission at 550 nm by sharing it in the coordination within the complex increased solubility of the complex, and blocked the energy transfer from the compound to Cu²⁺. Moreover, the RhPzNH₂ mimicked three different INHIBIT logic gates that can be integrated to work as a molecular digital comparator.

The Lower Cenomanian siliciclastic Bahariya Formation represents one of the main producing reservoirs in the north Western Egyptian Desert. A few previous subsurface studies exist that integrated core, petrographic, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses to study the reservoir quality of this formation. Consequently, the present study is carried out to fill this gap and outline the sedimentological, petrophysical, and digenetic characteristics of this siliciclastic reservoir in addition to the impact of these characteristics on reservoir quality. Detailed microscopic examination, XRD, SEM, and conventional core analyses were applied on the available cores. Five distinct microfacies types were petrographically identified, belonging to the arenite and wacke facies. These microfacies are represented by quartz arenite, subarkose, argillaceous quartz wacke, calcareous quartz wacke, and calcareous feldspathic greywacke. The formation was subjected to compaction and was affected by four types of cement; silica, calcite, kaolinite, and pyrite cementation. It has three types of porosities: primary intergranular and secondary porosity (microporosity and dissolution). The studied core samples of the Bahariya Formation are discriminated into two reservoir rock types (RRTs) and exhibit extreme heterogeneity. RRT1 comprises mainly quartz arenite, whereas RRT2 comprises quartz wacke. RRT1 has a reservoir quality of tight to poor due to porosity/permeability occluding by the different cementations. In contrast, RRT2 has a reservoir quality of tight to fair, despite the presence of the clay matrix. The tight to fair quality is possibly attributed to the dissolution of feldspars and authigenic clays. The Lower Cenomanian reservoir is considered a second cycle deposition and represents a tight to a fair quality reservoir in the studied wells.

The seismic stratigraphy and sedimentary facies of the Cretaceous and Paleogene sedimentary successions in north-eastern offshore part of Taranaki Basin, New Zealand have been investigated in order to unravel their depositional evolution and identify the potential hydrocarbon plays. Interpretation of regional seismic lines covering the entire shelf-slope and deepwater regions as well as integrating seismic and sedimentary facies allows the identification of several seismic-stratigraphic sequences within the studied successions. Early Cretaceous syn-rift successions (C1 sequence) were deposited in the structural lows near the present-day slope as swamp and marsh facies changing basinwards into turbidites and marine shales. The post-rift Cretaceous sequences (C2, C3 sequences) started with the progradation of the Taranaki delta (C2A-C2D units) followed by sedimentation of the transgressive C3A-E facies accumulated in response to thermal subsidence and high-rates of clastic supply. Extensive shelf conditions prevailed during the deposition of C2 and C3 Cretaceous sequences continued during the Paleogene with deposition of uniform marine shales throughout the basin. Rates of sediment supply substantially decreased during Oligocene prompting the deposition of marine micrite-rich carbonate. Variation in fossil content confirms the occurrence of several cycles of sea level fluctuations and episodic variations in terrigenous input. Organic-rich facies could be associated with the prograding clinoforms of the C2B unit and probably contain, basinward, large amount of gas and oil prone kerogen. The transgressive facies of C2D unit may also contain organic-rich shales basinward and coal near the present day Taranaki shelf. Potential reservoirs are hosted on the C3 transgressive estuarine sandstones. Paleogene mudstones are excellent regional seals for the hydrocarbons generated and trapped in the underlying Late Cretaceous facies.

The late Miocene thick accumulations of submarine fan and slope fan deposits namely the Mount Messenger Formation, represent low resistivity reservoir within Taranaki Basin of New Zealand. Despite their hydrocarbon potentiality, there are no previous integrated studies conducted to characterize these thick deposits in Ngatoro area, lying within the Taranaki Basin. This research gap amplified the motivation for conducting an integrated investigation by utilizing multidisciplinary datasets and techniques. The present study aims at evaluating, discriminating and delineating the geological and petrophysical characteristics of the Mount Messenger Reservoir in 3D space. The used techniques include seismic structural interpretation, 3D structural, petrophysical and facies modelling with well log and core data analyses and fault seal analysis. The formation is dissected by steep NNE-SSW normal faults forming grabens/halfgrabens and horsts. The formation exhibits good to very good reservoir quality, based on the permeabilities and porosities. The facies model comprises 39.4% fan units and 60.6% claystone with a general increase of fan units towards the west and NW directions. Two types of submarine fans are recognized by their log patterns; basin floor fans and slope fans. The fault seal analysis reveals that the majority of the fault planes are considered as impermeable. The present study highlighted the potentiality for further development of exploration in Taranaki Basin and surrounding areas.

The main aim of the present study is the characterization of the Qishn Formation in Sharyoof oil field locating within the Masila basin, by applying the 3D static modelling techniques. The present study was initiated by the seismic structural interpretation, followed by building a 3D structural framework, in addition to analysing well logs data. The results are then used for constructing 3D facies and petrophysical models. The Qishn Formation exhibits depth values within the range of 400-780 m below sea level in the Sharyoof oil field, with a general increase towards the SSE direction. It is dissected by a set of high dip angle normal faults with a general ENE-WSW trend. It is also folded as a main anticline with an axis that is parallel to the fault trend, formed as a result of a basement uplift. According to the facies models, the Qishn Formation comprises 43.83% limestone, 21.53 % shale, 21.26% sandstone, 13.21 % siltstone and 0.17% dolomite. The Qishn Carbonates Member has low porosity values making it a potential seal for the underlying reservoirs. While the Upper Qishn Clastics S1A and C have good reservoir quality and S1B has fair reservoir quality. The Upper Qishn Clastics S2 and S3 have also fair reservoir quality, while the Lower Qishn Clastics zone has good reservoir quality. The water saturation decreases towards the west and east directions and increases towards north and south direction. The total OOIP of the Upper Qishn clastics is 106 million STB within S1A, S1C and S2 zones. Drilling of development wells is recommended at the eastern part of the study area, exhibiting good trapping configuration, in addition to the presence of potential seal (Upper Qishn Carbonates Member) and reservoir (Qishn clastics Member) with high porosity and low water saturation.

The main objective of the present study is to make a survey on scorpion species inhabiting New Valley governorate, Egypt as well as to make some morphometric measurements on the recorded species and to design a key for the recorded species. To achieve the aims of the study, random samples were collected during the period from April to July, 2017 and from July to September, 2019. The study revealed the presence of four scorpion species belonging to family Buthidae namely: Leiurus quinquestriatus, Androctonus amoreuxi, Orthochirus innesi and Buthacus leptochelys. The study provides a key for the identification of the species and some morphometric measurements. The morphometric measurements included: Carapace length, Mesosoma length, Metasoma length, Telson length, Aculeus length, Vesicle length, Pedipalp femur length, Pedipalp patella length, Pedipalp chela length and total body length. The study revealed significant differences between the recorded four species. It also revealed significant differences between males and females of each species.

It is known that silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) have harmful effects on the surrounding animals, which may cause several damages to these animals, whether harmful or beneficial. The aim of the present study is to detect damage caused by Ag NPs and AgNO3 to land slugs Lehmannia nyctelia. In this study, land slugs have been exposed to different concentrations (0.04, 0.08, 0.4, 0.8 g/L) of Ag NPs and AgNO3 for 15 days. Histopathological examinations were performed in each of the following (digestive gland, kidney and gonads). The digestive gland appeared several alterations after exposed to different concentrations (0.04, 0.08, 0.4, 0.8 g/L). A clear change in the shape of the cells was noticed where, cells became more flattened and many cells were damaged. The cavity of each tubule increased in size and filled with some remains of damaged cells and the cells became empty from inside. The histological study of the kidney revealed a deterioration in some cells, widening of the spaces between tubules and an increased in connective tissue size than the normal size. The gonads showed clusters of cells in some places, spermatozoa lost the normal shape of the tail. In conclusion the results indicated that, the Ag NPs and AgNO3 can cause damage in histological structure of internal organs of the slug and may cause harmful effects on the terrestrial organisms.

Bentonites are used on a large scale, by farmers and the feed industry, as a feed supplements to adsorb mycotoxins. The presence of mycotoxins in feed affects its quality, animal safety, and human health. Food additives must be used carefully as they may contaminate food and became harmful to the environment and food consumers. The present work studied the effect of two different concentrations of sodium bentonite on the body wall, gut, and coelomic cells of earthworms. The results revealed a change in the behavior of earthworms and the occurrence of a great alteration in the tested samples but no mortality was recorded. Coelomic cells aggregated, vacuoles and pseudopodia were formed.