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We developed a method to experimentally quantify the fourth-order multipole moment of the rare-earth 4 f orbital. Linear dichroism (LD) in the Er 3d5=2 core-level photoemission spectra of cubic ErCo2 was measured using bulksensitive hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Theoretical calculation reproduced the observed LD, and the result showed that the observed result does not contradict the suggested
3 8 ground state. Theoretical calculation further showed a linear relationship between the LD size and the size of the fourth-order multipole moment of the Er 3+ ion, which is proportional to the expectation value hO0 4 þ 5O4 4i, where Om n are the Stevens operators. These analyses indicate that the LD in 3d photoemission spectra can be used to quantify the average fourth-order multipole moment of rare-earth atoms in a cubic crystal electric field.

Band structure calculations were performed on the dense Kondo antiferromagnetic CeCuSb2 and revealed that the essential contribution to the total density of state (DOS) around EF originates from Sb 5p-Ce 5d bands while the contribution of Ce 4f band is rather small. Polarization-dependence of CeCuSb2 valence band HAXPES spectra was successfully observed. The experimental HAXPES results were described fairly well by the band structure calculations where the photoionization dependent cross section was taken into account.

Layered oxypnictide LaOMnAs shows an antiferromagnetic insulator-to-ferromagnetic metal transition at room temperature with increasing the defect of LaO layer which induces hole doping into the MnAs layers. In order to reveal the details of the transition, we have performed hard-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for the insulating LaOMnAs and metallic (LaO)0.7MnAs. The spectral changes in the valence band, mainly composed of Mn 3d states, Mn 2p core levels, and La 3d core-levels have been observed across the transition. Our results indicated that Mn 3d state was significantly influenced by the defect of LaO layer.

This paper is aimed at studying the performance back characteristics of DC corona in wire-to-plane gaps as influenced by back discharge at the ground plane. The back discharge is initiated at the ground plane through slits in a dielectric barrier covering the plane. The study includes the corona current-voltage characteristics of the gap as influenced by the wire radius and the spacing between the wire and plate, as well as the number of slits and width of each slit. Not only the current-voltage characteristics but also the corona initiation and the corona pulse frequency versus voltage characteristics of the gap are investigated in presence and absence of the dielectric barrier with slits.