Pre-soaking wheat (Sakha 92) seeds in GA3 increased the germination potential especially at moderate salinization levels.
On the other hand, ABA did not increase the germination potential of the tested seeds at all salinization levels. Fresh and
dry matter yields of wheat seedlings decreased at high salinization levels and 90 mM NaCl represented the threshold of
salinity. Pre-soaking wheat seeds in GA3 caused marked increases in fresh and dry matter yields of the salinized seedlings.
While ABA treatment resulted in non-significant changes in dry matter production of stressed seedlings, the fresh matter
production at most salinization levels tended to increase. GA3 or ABA treatment generally increased the soluble
carbohydrates and total protein contents of salt stressed seedlings. The stimulatory effect of NaCl salinity on protein
synthesis was additionally enhanced as a result of GA3 at all salinization levels or due to ABA treatment especially at high
salt levels. The stimulatory effects of salt stress on the accumulation of free amino acids other than proline in the seedlings
increased, with the application of GA3, while the activated synthesis of proline was partially attenuated. Application of
GA3 was sufficient to attenuate partially the stimulatory effect of NaCl supply on proline biosynthesis, while ABA
treatment failed to play this role.

Pre-soaking wheat (Sakha 92) seeds in GA3 increased the germination potential especially at moderate salinization levels.
On the other hand, ABA did not increase the germination potential of the tested seeds at all salinization levels. Fresh and
dry matter yields of wheat seedlings decreased at high salinization levels and 90 mM NaCl represented the threshold of
salinity. Pre-soaking wheat seeds in GA3 caused marked increases in fresh and dry matter yields of the salinized seedlings.
While ABA treatment resulted in non-significant changes in dry matter production of stressed seedlings, the fresh matter
production at most salinization levels tended to increase. GA3 or ABA treatment generally increased the soluble
carbohydrates and total protein contents of salt stressed seedlings. The stimulatory effect of NaCl salinity on protein
synthesis was additionally enhanced as a result of GA3 at all salinization levels or due to ABA treatment especially at high
salt levels. The stimulatory effects of salt stress on the accumulation of free amino acids other than proline in the seedlings
increased, with the application of GA3, while the activated synthesis of proline was partially attenuated. Application of
GA3 was sufficient to attenuate partially the stimulatory effect of NaCl supply on proline biosynthesis, while ABA
treatment failed to play this role.

Pre-soaking wheat (Sakha 92) seeds in GA3 increased the germination potential especially at moderate salinization levels.
On the other hand, ABA did not increase the germination potential of the tested seeds at all salinization levels. Fresh and
dry matter yields of wheat seedlings decreased at high salinization levels and 90 mM NaCl represented the threshold of
salinity. Pre-soaking wheat seeds in GA3 caused marked increases in fresh and dry matter yields of the salinized seedlings.
While ABA treatment resulted in non-significant changes in dry matter production of stressed seedlings, the fresh matter
production at most salinization levels tended to increase. GA3 or ABA treatment generally increased the soluble
carbohydrates and total protein contents of salt stressed seedlings. The stimulatory effect of NaCl salinity on protein
synthesis was additionally enhanced as a result of GA3 at all salinization levels or due to ABA treatment especially at high
salt levels. The stimulatory effects of salt stress on the accumulation of free amino acids other than proline in the seedlings
increased, with the application of GA3, while the activated synthesis of proline was partially attenuated. Application of
GA3 was sufficient to attenuate partially the stimulatory effect of NaCl supply on proline biosynthesis, while ABA
treatment failed to play this role.

Pre-soaking wheat (Sakha 92) seeds in GA3 increased the germination potential especially at moderate salinization levels.
On the other hand, ABA did not increase the germination potential of the tested seeds at all salinization levels. Fresh and
dry matter yields of wheat seedlings decreased at high salinization levels and 90 mM NaCl represented the threshold of
salinity. Pre-soaking wheat seeds in GA3 caused marked increases in fresh and dry matter yields of the salinized seedlings.
While ABA treatment resulted in non-significant changes in dry matter production of stressed seedlings, the fresh matter
production at most salinization levels tended to increase. GA3 or ABA treatment generally increased the soluble
carbohydrates and total protein contents of salt stressed seedlings. The stimulatory effect of NaCl salinity on protein
synthesis was additionally enhanced as a result of GA3 at all salinization levels or due to ABA treatment especially at high
salt levels. The stimulatory effects of salt stress on the accumulation of free amino acids other than proline in the seedlings
increased, with the application of GA3, while the activated synthesis of proline was partially attenuated. Application of
GA3 was sufficient to attenuate partially the stimulatory effect of NaCl supply on proline biosynthesis, while ABA
treatment failed to play this role.

Shoot regenerations from hypocotyls and cotyledons of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was inhibited by NaCl (100 and 150 mM).Shoot fresh and dry masses were also reduced. Addition of proline (100 mgdm-3) counteracted the inhibitory effect of NaCl. SDS-PAGE analyses of extracted proteins, revealed that in cultures grown in medium with 25 mM NaCl plus proline, extra polypeptides of Mr 190, 58, 45 and 26 kDa accumulated. As NaCl was increased in the medium a new protein of Mr 67 kDa also accumulated.

Pre-soaking wheat (Sakha 92) seeds in GA3 increased the germination potential especially at moderate salinization levels. On the other hand, ABA did not increase the germination potential of the tested seeds at all salinization levels. Fresh and dry matter yields of wheat seedlings decreased at high salinization levels and 90 mM NaCl represented the threshold of salinity. Pre-soaking wheat seeds in GA3 caused marked increases in fresh and dry matter yields of the salinized seedlings. While ABA treatment resulted in non-significant changes in dry matter production of stressed seedlings, the fresh matter production at most salinization levels tended to increase. GA3 or ABA treatment generally increased the soluble carbohydrates and total protein contents of salt stressed seedlings. The stimulatory effect of NaCl salinity on protein synthesis was additionally enhanced as a result of GA3 at all salinization levels or due to ABA treatment especially at high salt levels. The stimulatory effects of salt stress on the accumulation of free amino acids other than proline in the seedlings increased, with the application of GA3, while the activated synthesis of proline was partially attenuated. Application of GA3 was sufficient to attenuate partially the stimulatory effect of NaCl supply on proline biosynthesis, while ABA treatment failed to play this role.

Pre-soaking wheat (Sakha 92) seeds in GA3 increased the germination potential especially at moderate salinization levels. On the other hand, ABA did not increase the germination potential of the tested seeds at all salinization levels. Fresh and dry matter yields of wheat seedlings decreased at high salinization levels and 90 mM NaCl represented the threshold of salinity. Pre-soaking wheat seeds in GA3 caused marked increases in fresh and dry matter yields of the salinized seedlings. While ABA treatment resulted in non-significant changes in dry matter production of stressed seedlings, the fresh matter production at most salinization levels tended to increase. GA3 or ABA treatment generally increased the soluble carbohydrates and total protein contents of salt stressed seedlings. The stimulatory effect of NaCl salinity on protein synthesis was additionally enhanced as a result of GA3 at all salinization levels or due to ABA treatment especially at high salt levels. The stimulatory effects of salt stress on the accumulation of free amino acids other than proline in the seedlings increased, with the application of GA3, while the activated synthesis of proline was partially attenuated. Application of GA3 was sufficient to attenuate partially the stimulatory effect of NaCl supply on proline biosynthesis, while ABA treatment failed to play this role.

Pre-soaking wheat (Sakha 92) seeds in GA3 increased the germination potential especially at moderate salinization levels. On the other hand, ABA did not increase the germination potential of the tested seeds at all salinization levels. Fresh and dry matter yields of wheat seedlings decreased at high salinization levels and 90 mM NaCl represented the threshold of salinity. Pre-soaking wheat seeds in GA3 caused marked increases in fresh and dry matter yields of the salinized seedlings. While ABA treatment resulted in non-significant changes in dry matter production of stressed seedlings, the fresh matter production at most salinization levels tended to increase. GA3 or ABA treatment generally increased the soluble carbohydrates and total protein contents of salt stressed seedlings. The stimulatory effect of NaCl salinity on protein synthesis was additionally enhanced as a result of GA3 at all salinization levels or due to ABA treatment especially at high salt levels. The stimulatory effects of salt stress on the accumulation of free amino acids other than proline in the seedlings increased, with the application of GA3, while the activated synthesis of proline was partially attenuated. Application of GA3 was sufficient to attenuate partially the stimulatory effect of NaCl supply on proline biosynthesis, while ABA treatment failed to play this role.

Pre-soaking wheat (Sakha 92) seeds in GA3 increased the germination potential especially at moderate salinization levels. On the other hand, ABA did not increase the germination potential of the tested seeds at all salinization levels. Fresh and dry matter yields of wheat seedlings decreased at high salinization levels and 90 mM NaCl represented the threshold of salinity. Pre-soaking wheat seeds in GA3 caused marked increases in fresh and dry matter yields of the salinized seedlings. While ABA treatment resulted in non-significant changes in dry matter production of stressed seedlings, the fresh matter production at most salinization levels tended to increase. GA3 or ABA treatment generally increased the soluble carbohydrates and total protein contents of salt stressed seedlings. The stimulatory effect of NaCl salinity on protein synthesis was additionally enhanced as a result of GA3 at all salinization levels or due to ABA treatment especially at high salt levels. The stimulatory effects of salt stress on the accumulation of free amino acids other than proline in the seedlings increased, with the application of GA3, while the activated synthesis of proline was partially attenuated. Application of GA3 was sufficient to attenuate partially the stimulatory effect of NaCl supply on proline biosynthesis, while ABA treatment failed to play this role.

Nostoc rivulare was grown in batch cultures under controlled CO2 and NO3 – concentrations to modulate the photosynthetic source:sink relationship. Increasing CO2 supply accelerated the accumulation of chlorophyll (Chl) a, i.e., supplemental CO2 combined with double concentrations of NO3 – more than doubled the amounts of Chl a relative to those of the original medium. Photosynthetic oxygen evolution and respiratory oxygen uptake were both enhanced by elevated CO2 and NO3 –. Contents of soluble sugars and starch (total non-structural saccharides) as well as insoluble saccharides (structural fraction) were affected by altering CO2-NO3 – combinations. Uptake as well as reduction of either NO3 – or NO2 – was inhibited by CO2 deprivation. Expanding the sink size via increasing NO3 – supply enhanced photosynthesis and thus the sink (NO3 –) acted as a feed forward stimulator of the source (photosynthesis). The regulatory role of nitrate on photosynthesis was most influential in CO2-deprived cultures since it could enhance photosynthesis to higher levels than CO2-supplemented, nitrate-free cultures.