Cisplatin (CP) is considered as a major antineoplastic drug against a broad spectrum of malignancies. CP acts on cancer cells by releasing free radicals which at the same time damage liver and kidney cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the hepatotoxicity of CP which it may be mediated by oxidative stress and to establish whether some antioxidants, Vit C, DPPD and L-cystiene, may provide protection against CP hepatotoxicity. 40 rats were divided into 5 groups. G1 work as control, G2 injected with CP alone, G3 was injected with CP & Vit C, G4 was injected with CP& DPPD, G5 was injected with CP & L-cystiene. CP-induced oxidative stress was indicated by ↑ LPO and O2- in hepatic tissue and plasma. Also, CP induced decline of SOD, CAT, GST and GGT and a ↓ level of GSH, Vit C and Vit E in hepatic tissue and plasma. Treatment with Vit C, DPPD and L-cysteine in combination with CP restored LPO and O2-, the activities of SOD, GST, CAT and GGT and the content of GSH, Vit C and Vit E to control levels

Fundamental (lattice, rotational, and intermolecular) vibrations of the H2AsO−4 anion in
(C6H9N2)H2AsO4 crystal are calculated using the correlation theorem based on the group theory. The
correlation between anionic site of symmetry Cs and the factor group D2h of the crystal yields 12 modes
for both lattice and rotational vibrations. The infrared and Raman spectra of these modes do not coincide.
Addition of two hydrogen atoms to AsO−4 ion yields two As—OH bonds in the H2AsO−4 anion. As a
result, the molecular symmetry is reduced from Td to C2v. The free H2AsO−4 anion having C2v symmetry
gives in total 15 fundamental normal vibrations. Under the crystal field splitting effects, the number of
intermolecular vibrations for the anion in infrared and Raman spectra is calculated to be 56 active vibrations.
The calculated fundamental vibrations manifest themselves as the main features in an experimental infrared
spectrum.

Spinel Cu0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 ferrite doped with different rare earth ions is investigated. FT-IR was used to investigate
the effect of different rare earth substitution on the magnetic properties of this system. It was found that
when Fe3+ is replaced with La and Nd ions, almost no changes were observed in the band position of IR spectra.
As Gd and Dy substituted, small shifts for the band spectra were detected. On the other hand when Sm is
replacing Fe3+ a noticed increase in the frequency band position was observed. The observed increase in the
band ν1 position for Sm substitution can be explained as the replace of Fe3+ ions with Sm3+ ions in the tetrahedral
site (A-site) of the spinel.

Thin filmsofZn40Se60 were preparedbythevacuumthermalevaporationtechnique.Theinfluenceof
annealedtemperatureonthestructuralandopticalpropertieswasinvestigatedusingtheX-ray
diffraction(XRD),scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)andopticaltransmission.TheXRDstudiesshow
that theas-depositedfilmisamorphousinnature,butthecrystallinityimprovedwithincreasingthe
annealingtemperature.Furthermoretheparticlesizeandcrystallinityincreasedwhereasthedisloca-
tion andstrainsdecreasedwithincreasingtheannealingtemperature.SEMstudiesshowedthatthe
annealingtemperatureinducedchangesinthemorphologyoftheas-depositedsample.Variousoptical
constanthavebeencalculatedforas-depositedandannealedfilms.Themechanismoftheoptical
absorptionfollowstheruleofdirecttransition.Itwasfoundthat,theopticalenergygap(Eg) decreased
with increasingtheannealingtemperature.TheseresultscanbeinterpretedbytheDavisandMotte
model. Ontheotherhandthemaximumvalueoftherefractiveindex(n) isshiftedtowardthelong
wavelengthbyincreasingtheannealingtemperature.

Thin filmsofZn40Se60 were preparedbythevacuumthermalevaporationtechnique.Theinfluenceof
annealedtemperatureonthestructuralandopticalpropertieswasinvestigatedusingtheX-ray
diffraction(XRD),scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)andopticaltransmission.TheXRDstudiesshow
that theas-depositedfilmisamorphousinnature,butthecrystallinityimprovedwithincreasingthe
annealingtemperature.Furthermoretheparticlesizeandcrystallinityincreasedwhereasthedisloca-
tion andstrainsdecreasedwithincreasingtheannealingtemperature.SEMstudiesshowedthatthe
annealingtemperatureinducedchangesinthemorphologyoftheas-depositedsample.Variousoptical
constanthavebeencalculatedforas-depositedandannealedfilms.Themechanismoftheoptical
absorptionfollowstheruleofdirecttransition.Itwasfoundthat,theopticalenergygap(Eg) decreased
with increasingtheannealingtemperature.TheseresultscanbeinterpretedbytheDavisandMotte
model. Ontheotherhandthemaximumvalueoftherefractiveindex(n) isshiftedtowardthelong
wavelengthbyincreasingtheannealingtemperature.

Thin filmsofZn40Se60 were preparedbythevacuumthermalevaporationtechnique.Theinfluenceof
annealedtemperatureonthestructuralandopticalpropertieswasinvestigatedusingtheX-ray
diffraction(XRD),scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)andopticaltransmission.TheXRDstudiesshow
that theas-depositedfilmisamorphousinnature,butthecrystallinityimprovedwithincreasingthe
annealingtemperature.Furthermoretheparticlesizeandcrystallinityincreasedwhereasthedisloca-
tion andstrainsdecreasedwithincreasingtheannealingtemperature.SEMstudiesshowedthatthe
annealingtemperatureinducedchangesinthemorphologyoftheas-depositedsample.Variousoptical
constanthavebeencalculatedforas-depositedandannealedfilms.Themechanismoftheoptical
absorptionfollowstheruleofdirecttransition.Itwasfoundthat,theopticalenergygap(Eg) decreased
with increasingtheannealingtemperature.TheseresultscanbeinterpretedbytheDavisandMotte
model. Ontheotherhandthemaximumvalueoftherefractiveindex(n) isshiftedtowardthelong
wavelengthbyincreasingtheannealingtemperature.

multistep reactions using chemical and photochemical methods. Some of the synthesized photochromic
dihydroindolizine derivatives were substituted on the fluorene (region A) and pyridazine
(region C) moieties in order to provide the appropriate functionality for optimal tuning of the photochromic
properties of the system. Irradiation of the photochromic DHIs with polychromatic light led
to ring opened colored betaines, which underwent thermal 1,5-electrocyclization. The red to green
colored betaines produced after UV irradiation returned back through 1,5-electrocyclization to the
corresponding DHIs with different rate constants depending on the substituents in both fluorene and
pyridazine regions. The kinetic measurements of the thermal 1,5-electrocyclization under different
temperatures that ranged from
10 to 25 C showed that the half-lives of the colored betaines fall in
the second to hours domain. Interestingly, these materials showed a very good photochromic behavior
not only in solution but also in the PMMA matrix. Irradiation of a slide prepared by the deep-coating
method led to the formation of the colored betaine and the kinetics of the thermally reversible 1,5-
electrocyclization and the AFM image of the film has been recorded. Indeed, the chemical and thermal
stability of the investigated betaines in polymer (PMMA) will render such species useful for
a plethora of new of applications.

multistep reactions using chemical and photochemical methods. Some of the synthesized photochromic
dihydroindolizine derivatives were substituted on the fluorene (region A) and pyridazine
(region C) moieties in order to provide the appropriate functionality for optimal tuning of the photochromic
properties of the system. Irradiation of the photochromic DHIs with polychromatic light led
to ring opened colored betaines, which underwent thermal 1,5-electrocyclization. The red to green
colored betaines produced after UV irradiation returned back through 1,5-electrocyclization to the
corresponding DHIs with different rate constants depending on the substituents in both fluorene and
pyridazine regions. The kinetic measurements of the thermal 1,5-electrocyclization under different
temperatures that ranged from
10 to 25 C showed that the half-lives of the colored betaines fall in
the second to hours domain. Interestingly, these materials showed a very good photochromic behavior
not only in solution but also in the PMMA matrix. Irradiation of a slide prepared by the deep-coating
method led to the formation of the colored betaine and the kinetics of the thermally reversible 1,5-
electrocyclization and the AFM image of the film has been recorded. Indeed, the chemical and thermal
stability of the investigated betaines in polymer (PMMA) will render such species useful for
a plethora of new of applications.

The presentstudyinvestigatedthehormonesconcentrationsandgonadsalterationsof Clarias
gariepinus caused bysublethelconcentrationsof4-nonylphenol(0,0.05,0.08and0.1mg/l).The
changesintheactivitiesofthehormonesafterexposuretothesesubletheldosesof4-nonylpenol
referredtoendocrinedisruptionin Clariasgariepinus in associationwithhistopathologicalchangesin
reproductivetissues.Thelevelsofthyroidstimulatinghormone(TSH),triiodothyronine(T3),total
thyroxine(T4),folliclestimulatinghormone(FSH),luteinizinghormone(LH)andtestosterone
concentrationssignificantlydecreased(Po0.05) inthetreatedfishincomparisonwithcontrol.17-bestradiolincreasedsignificantly(
Po0.05) with4-nonylphenolconcentrationsincrease.Reductionin
the gonadosomaticindexwasevidentwithincreaseofsublethaldosesof4-nonylphenol.The
histopathologicalchangesofNP-treatedwererecordedingonadsof Clariasgariepinus reflectingtheir
sensitivitytoNP-estrogeniclikeeffects.

The presentstudyinvestigatedthehormonesconcentrationsandgonadsalterationsof Clarias
gariepinus caused bysublethelconcentrationsof4-nonylphenol(0,0.05,0.08and0.1mg/l).The
changesintheactivitiesofthehormonesafterexposuretothesesubletheldosesof4-nonylpenol
referredtoendocrinedisruptionin Clariasgariepinus in associationwithhistopathologicalchangesin
reproductivetissues.Thelevelsofthyroidstimulatinghormone(TSH),triiodothyronine(T3),total
thyroxine(T4),folliclestimulatinghormone(FSH),luteinizinghormone(LH)andtestosterone
concentrationssignificantlydecreased(Po0.05) inthetreatedfishincomparisonwithcontrol.17-bestradiolincreasedsignificantly(
Po0.05) with4-nonylphenolconcentrationsincrease.Reductionin
the gonadosomaticindexwasevidentwithincreaseofsublethaldosesof4-nonylphenol.The
histopathologicalchangesofNP-treatedwererecordedingonadsof Clariasgariepinus reflectingtheir
sensitivitytoNP-estrogeniclikeeffects.