Theoretical calculations are described to investigate the behavior of solid explosive when heated by
continuous and pulsed laser. A one-dimensional model is proposed and the numerical solutions have
been obtained for the time-dependent nonlinear heat equation with the appropriate initial and boundary
conditions. Relationships between various ignition parameters are analyzed and possible ignition
mechanisms are discussed. Theoretical calculations are applied to the primary solid explosive b lead
azide. It has been argued that the initiation of b lead azide with low energy laser is thermal in origin.

Oxidative stress is an imbalance between radical-generating and radicalscavenging
activity, resulting in oxidation products and tissue damage. This study was
aimed to evaluate the status of oxidative stress indices in blood of camels naturally
infested with S. scabiei. Forty-seven male camels (Camelus dromedaries) were divided
according to the extent of the infested area with Sarcoptes scabiei into four groups, mild
(MID, n=12), moderate (MOD, n=10), severely infested (SEV, n=10) and healthy control
group (n=15). Blood was used for determination of red cell count (RBC), hemoglobin
(Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), serum nitric oxide (NO•, a free radical), ascorbate and
albumin concentrations, and erythrocytic values of malondialdehyde (MDA, a marker of lipid
peroxidation), protein carbonyls (PC, an indicator of protein oxidation), glutathione (GSH)
superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Decreased levels (P<0.05) of RBC, Hb,
PCV, albumin and ascorbate were noticed in MOD and SEV compared to controls with the
lowest values (P<0.05) in SEV except for ascorbate, where MOD did not differ from SEV.
Compared to controls, NO• gradually increased (P<0.05) in MID followed by MOD and
SEV, whereas MDA and PC were higher (P<0.05) in MOD and SEV. PC was higher (P<
0.05) in MOD than SEV. In addition, the antioxidants GSH, SOD and CAT were higher (P<
0.05) in MID and lower (P<0.05) in MOD and SEV compared to controls. GSH was lower
(P<0.05) in SEV compared to MOD. Besides, Hb was negatively correlated with NO• (r=
−0.68, P<0.001), MDA (r=−0.53, P<0.001) and PC (r=−0.73, P<0.001). In conclusion,
dromedary sarcoptosis is accompanied by a state of oxidative stress process, which increased
by increasing the area of infestation, and may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.

Erythrocytic lipid peroxidation has been implicated as a cause of anemia in Theileria annulata
infection in cattle. The present study aimed to evaluate oxidative damage of membrane
lipids and proteins in addition to hemoglobin (Hb) as three criterions of erythrocyte oxidation
and their relation to erythrocyte deformability and anemia of newborn crossbred
calves (Friesian × Egyptian Balady breed) naturally infected with T. annulata. Twenty-five
T. annulata-infected calves (aged 20–30 days) along with 15 age matched healthy controls
were used. Percentage of parasitemia varied from 12% to 63% (34.76 ± 3.05%). In comparison
to controls, infected calves showed increased levels (P < 0.001) of lipid peroxidation
(malondialdehyde; MDA, 52%) and protein oxidation (protein carbonyls; PCs, 132%) in erythrocyte
membrane as well as increased values of Hb oxidation (methemoglobin; MetHb,
186%), corpuscular osmotic fragility (15.1%) and hemolysis (free Hb; 195.5%). Parasitemia
was positively correlated with MDA (r = 0.41, P = 0.039), PCs (r = 0.45, P = 0.023) and MetHb
(r = 0.40, P = 0.042). Also, percent of erythrocytic deformability (echinocytosis) was positively
correlated with MDA (r = 0.49, P = 0.013) and PCs (r = 0.63, P < 0.001). On the other
hand, erythrocytic packed cell volume was negatively correlated with MDA (r = −0.44,
P = 0.028), PCs (r = −0.72, P < 0.001) and MetHb (r = −0.42, P = 0.037). In conclusion, T. annulata
infection is associated with a parasitic burden-dependant oxidative damage to the
erythrocyte membrane protein and lipid contents in addition to Hb. This oxidative damage
is linked to the morphological changes of the erythrocyte and may act as mechanisms
contribute to pathogenesis of anemia in T. annulata infection in newborn calves.

The free convective heat transfer to the power-law non-Newtonian flow from
a vertical plate in a porous medium saturated with nanofluid under laminar conditions is
investigated. It is considered that the non-Newtonian nanofluid obeys the mathematical
model of power-law. The model used for the nanofluid incorporates the effects of Brownian
motion and thermophoresis. The partial differential system governing the problem is
transformed into an ordinary system via a usual similarity transformation. The numerical
solutions of the resulting ordinary system are obtained. These solutions depend on
the power-law index n, Lewis number Le, buoyancy-ratio number Nr, Brownian motion
number Nb, and thermophoresis number Nt. For various values of n and Le, the effects
of the influence parameters on the fluid behavior as well as the reduced Nusselt number
are presented and discussed.

The free convective heat transfer to the power-law non-Newtonian flow from
a vertical plate in a porous medium saturated with nanofluid under laminar conditions is
investigated. It is considered that the non-Newtonian nanofluid obeys the mathematical
model of power-law. The model used for the nanofluid incorporates the effects of Brownian
motion and thermophoresis. The partial differential system governing the problem is
transformed into an ordinary system via a usual similarity transformation. The numerical
solutions of the resulting ordinary system are obtained. These solutions depend on
the power-law index n, Lewis number Le, buoyancy-ratio number Nr, Brownian motion
number Nb, and thermophoresis number Nt. For various values of n and Le, the effects
of the influence parameters on the fluid behavior as well as the reduced Nusselt number
are presented and discussed.

The free convective heat transfer to the power-law non-Newtonian flow from
a vertical plate in a porous medium saturated with nanofluid under laminar conditions is
investigated. It is considered that the non-Newtonian nanofluid obeys the mathematical
model of power-law. The model used for the nanofluid incorporates the effects of Brownian
motion and thermophoresis. The partial differential system governing the problem is
transformed into an ordinary system via a usual similarity transformation. The numerical
solutions of the resulting ordinary system are obtained. These solutions depend on
the power-law index n, Lewis number Le, buoyancy-ratio number Nr, Brownian motion
number Nb, and thermophoresis number Nt. For various values of n and Le, the effects
of the influence parameters on the fluid behavior as well as the reduced Nusselt number
are presented and discussed.

The free convective heat transfer to the power-law non-Newtonian flow from
a vertical plate in a porous medium saturated with nanofluid under laminar conditions is
investigated. It is considered that the non-Newtonian nanofluid obeys the mathematical
model of power-law. The model used for the nanofluid incorporates the effects of Brownian
motion and thermophoresis. The partial differential system governing the problem is
transformed into an ordinary system via a usual similarity transformation. The numerical
solutions of the resulting ordinary system are obtained. These solutions depend on
the power-law index n, Lewis number Le, buoyancy-ratio number Nr, Brownian motion
number Nb, and thermophoresis number Nt. For various values of n and Le, the effects
of the influence parameters on the fluid behavior as well as the reduced Nusselt number
are presented and discussed.

This work is focused on the study of the natural convection boundary-layer flow over a downward-pointing
vertical cone in a porous medium saturated with a non-Newtonian nanofluid in the presence of heat
generation or absorption. The transformed boundary layer governing equations are solved numerically. The
influences of pertinent parameters such as the heat generation or absorption, the solid volume fraction of
nanoparticles and the type of nanofluid on the flow and heat transfer rate in terms of Nusselt number are
discussed. Comparisons with previously published work on special cases of the problem are performed and
found to be in excellent agreement. The generalized governing equations derived in this work can be applied
to different cases of non-Newtonian fluids with different values of the power-law viscosity index. The results
of this parametric study are shown graphically and the physical aspects of the problem are highlighted and
discussed.

This work is focused on the study of the natural convection boundary-layer flow over a downward-pointing
vertical cone in a porous medium saturated with a non-Newtonian nanofluid in the presence of heat
generation or absorption. The transformed boundary layer governing equations are solved numerically. The
influences of pertinent parameters such as the heat generation or absorption, the solid volume fraction of
nanoparticles and the type of nanofluid on the flow and heat transfer rate in terms of Nusselt number are
discussed. Comparisons with previously published work on special cases of the problem are performed and
found to be in excellent agreement. The generalized governing equations derived in this work can be applied
to different cases of non-Newtonian fluids with different values of the power-law viscosity index. The results
of this parametric study are shown graphically and the physical aspects of the problem are highlighted and
discussed.

This work is focused on the study of the natural convection boundary-layer flow over a downward-pointing
vertical cone in a porous medium saturated with a non-Newtonian nanofluid in the presence of heat
generation or absorption. The transformed boundary layer governing equations are solved numerically. The
influences of pertinent parameters such as the heat generation or absorption, the solid volume fraction of
nanoparticles and the type of nanofluid on the flow and heat transfer rate in terms of Nusselt number are
discussed. Comparisons with previously published work on special cases of the problem are performed and
found to be in excellent agreement. The generalized governing equations derived in this work can be applied
to different cases of non-Newtonian fluids with different values of the power-law viscosity index. The results
of this parametric study are shown graphically and the physical aspects of the problem are highlighted and
discussed.