The present work focused on the development of new simple method for fabrication of conducting poly(4–aminothiophenol) nanostructures layered on gold nanodots patterned indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode based on the self assembly of the monomer. This was followed by electrochemical polymerization of 4–aminothiophenol molecules. In addition, we studied the electrochemical catalytic activity of the modified electrode towards a mixture of two protein bases (Adenine and Guanine). The modified gold nanodots ITO electrode was fabricated based on thermal evaporation of pure gold metal onto ITO surface through polystyrene monolayer. Then, a monolayer of 4–aminothiophenol was self–assembly immobilized onto the gold nanodots array/ITO electrode. This was followed by electrochemical polymerization process based on cyclic voltammetry technique. The electrochemical behavior of the adenine and guanine mixture at the modified electrode was investigated based on differential pulse voltammetry technique. The results indicated that the polymer nanostructures modified gold nanodots/ITO electrode exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of adenine and guanine with a detection limit of 500 and 250 nM, respectively. Moreover, our finding demonstrated a linear relation between the concentration of both adenine and guanine and their oxidation current peaks (R = 0.9953 and 0.9935, respectively). Finally, the modified electrode was successfully used to detect adenine and guanine in human serum sample. Therefore, we proposed that this biosensor could have high sensitivity for simultaneous determination of adenine and guanine in the related physiology process.

In this article we present two novel uses of the sensitive techniques HPLC fluorescence and dCCE for both
the quantitation and binding studies of the 5- and 7-HFs extracted from the plant Alfalfa with Albumin.
Ultrasonic extraction method as an extra energy source is used to enhance the extraction efficiency and
speed up. The two antioxidants could be easily separated and quantified after a 10.0-min run time.
Multiple calibration curves for their analysis exhibited consistent linearity and reproducibility in
the range of 0.20–2.00 mg L
1 for 5-HF (r 40.9979) and 0.01–0.10 mg L
1 for 7-HF (r 40.9999). Limits
of Detection were 0.500 mg L
1 and 0.025 mg L
1 for 5-HF and 7-HF respectively. Lower Limits of
Quantification were 131.600 mg L
1 for 5-HF and 6.579 mg L
1 for 7-HF. Inter-assay imprecision
was o10% for both flavones. Mean recovery was 104.76% (range 90%–110%) for 5-HF and 93.18%
(range 90%–110%) for 7-HF. Since the intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer in the excited triplet state as
well as in the excited singlet state might play an important role in the quenching process of photoexcited
molecules in biological systems, the binding constants of these HFs with serum albumin have
been also estimated to be 1.910–2.019105 L mol
1 and 2.390–2.500105 L mol
1 for 5-HF and 7-HF
respectively.

In this article we present two novel uses of the sensitive techniques HPLC fluorescence and dCCE for both
the quantitation and binding studies of the 5- and 7-HFs extracted from the plant Alfalfa with Albumin.
Ultrasonic extraction method as an extra energy source is used to enhance the extraction efficiency and
speed up. The two antioxidants could be easily separated and quantified after a 10.0-min run time.
Multiple calibration curves for their analysis exhibited consistent linearity and reproducibility in
the range of 0.20–2.00 mg L
1 for 5-HF (r 40.9979) and 0.01–0.10 mg L
1 for 7-HF (r 40.9999). Limits
of Detection were 0.500 mg L
1 and 0.025 mg L
1 for 5-HF and 7-HF respectively. Lower Limits of
Quantification were 131.600 mg L
1 for 5-HF and 6.579 mg L
1 for 7-HF. Inter-assay imprecision
was o10% for both flavones. Mean recovery was 104.76% (range 90%–110%) for 5-HF and 93.18%
(range 90%–110%) for 7-HF. Since the intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer in the excited triplet state as
well as in the excited singlet state might play an important role in the quenching process of photoexcited
molecules in biological systems, the binding constants of these HFs with serum albumin have
been also estimated to be 1.910–2.019105 L mol
1 and 2.390–2.500105 L mol
1 for 5-HF and 7-HF
respectively.

The amorphoustocrystallinetransformationinTe67.5Ga2.5As30 occurs undernon-isothermalcondi-
tions. Thecrystallizationparametersofthisamorphousmaterialareestimatedusingdifferential
scanningcalorimetery(DSC).Theactivationenergyofcrystallization(Ec) andthefrequencyfactor(K0)
are calculatedtobe113.1671.5 kJ/moland1.041010731.70 s1, respectively.Thecrystallization
mechanismisfoundtobeone-dimensionalgrowthmechanismasindicatedfromtheestimatedAvrami
exponentvalue.X-rayinvestigationsconfirmtheamorphousphaseandcrystallinestatefortheas-
preparedandannealedsamples,respectively.Thecrystallizedgrainsizesofnanoscalearecalculated
from theXRDpeaks.

The amorphoustocrystallinetransformationinTe67.5Ga2.5As30 occurs undernon-isothermalcondi-
tions. Thecrystallizationparametersofthisamorphousmaterialareestimatedusingdifferential
scanningcalorimetery(DSC).Theactivationenergyofcrystallization(Ec) andthefrequencyfactor(K0)
are calculatedtobe113.1671.5 kJ/moland1.041010731.70 s1, respectively.Thecrystallization
mechanismisfoundtobeone-dimensionalgrowthmechanismasindicatedfromtheestimatedAvrami
exponentvalue.X-rayinvestigationsconfirmtheamorphousphaseandcrystallinestatefortheas-
preparedandannealedsamples,respectively.Thecrystallizedgrainsizesofnanoscalearecalculated
from theXRDpeaks.

The effect of composition on the optical constants of Se 100xTex (x = 30, 50, 70) chalcogenide thin films of
thickn ess 150 nm are studied. The film is deposited on glass substrate using thermal evaporation technique
under vacuum. X-ray diffraction reveals that the poorly Te content Se 70Te30 film has amorphous
structure while the other films have crystalline phases. Both the transmittance and reflectance are
strongl y dependent on the film composition. The analyses of optical measurements show that the Se 30-
Te70 film has two absorption mechanisms which are direct and indir ect allowed transitions giving raise
two optical energy gaps. Increasing of Se content changes the direct gap to an indirect one. The increase of
Se contents (from x = 30 to 70) leads to increase in the indirect gap from 1.33 to 1.85 eV. The absorption
coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient and dispersion energy of the films are found to be
depende d on the film composition.

The effect of composition on the optical constants of Se 100xTex (x = 30, 50, 70) chalcogenide thin films of
thickn ess 150 nm are studied. The film is deposited on glass substrate using thermal evaporation technique
under vacuum. X-ray diffraction reveals that the poorly Te content Se 70Te30 film has amorphous
structure while the other films have crystalline phases. Both the transmittance and reflectance are
strongl y dependent on the film composition. The analyses of optical measurements show that the Se 30-
Te70 film has two absorption mechanisms which are direct and indir ect allowed transitions giving raise
two optical energy gaps. Increasing of Se content changes the direct gap to an indirect one. The increase of
Se contents (from x = 30 to 70) leads to increase in the indirect gap from 1.33 to 1.85 eV. The absorption
coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient and dispersion energy of the films are found to be
depende d on the film composition.