Abstract: Recently, three-dimensional nickel foam (3D-Nf) has been increasingly studied; however,
further modifications in nanoscale surface modification are necessary for particular applications.
In this work, three-dimensional hierarchically porous nanogranular NiS (NiS-3D-Nf) and wrinkleshaped
NiS (w-NiS-3D-Nf) structures were fabricated directly on nickel foam by a simple one-step
solvothermal process using two different solvents. Several characterization techniques, including
X-ray diffraction pattern, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, were
used to characterize the samples’ properties. To prove their applicability, supercapacitor electrodes
were tested directly in a three-electrode assembly cell. The resulting w-NiS-3D-Nf electrodes exhibited
greater capacitive activity than the NiS-3D-Nf electrodes. The optimized w-NiS-3D-Nf electrodes
delivered an excellent specific capacitance of 770 Fg?1, at a current density of 1 Ag?1, compared
with the NiS-3D-Nf electrodes (162.0 Fg?1 @ 1 Ag?1), with a cyclic stability of over 92.67% capacitance
retention after 2200 cycles. The resultant unique structure with integrated hierarchical
three-dimensional configuration can not only enhance abundant accessible surface areas but also
produce strong adhesion to the 3D-Nf, facilitating the fast transportation of ions and electrons for
the electrochemical reaction via the conductive 3D-Nf. This set of results suggests that the modification
of 3D-Nf surfaces with a suitable solvent has highly significant effects on morphology, and
ultimately, electrochemical performance. Additionally, the current preparation approach is simple
and worthwhile, and thus offers great potential for supercapacitor applications.

Abstract: This article outlines the preparation of manganese-doped copper nanoparticles (Mn + Cu
NPs) using Vinca rosea (L.) leaf extract as a convenient and environmentally friendly substance.
UV–vis, FT–IR, XRD, SEM–EDAX, and DLS instrumental techniques were employed to describe
the physical and chemical properties of synthesized V. rosea extract-mediated Vr-Mn + Cu NPs.
The synthesized Vr-Mn + Cu NPs were observed to be monodispersed and spherical, with an average
size of 412 nm. The plant extract includes a variety of phytochemical components. The Vr-Mn + Cu
NPs also have potential antioxidant and antibacterial properties against selected pathogens. The green
synthesized Vr-Mn + Cu NPs showed a maximum inhibition zone of 16.33  0.57 mm against E. coli.
For dye degradation, MR, EBT, and MO showed the highest degradation percentage capabilities
with Vr-Mn + Cu NP-based adsorbents, which were determined to be 78.54  0.16, 87.67  0.06,
and 69.79  0.36. The results clearly show that biosynthesized Vr-Mn + Cu NPs may be employed as
an antioxidant, antibacterial, photocatalytic dye degradation, and catalytic agent, as well as being
ecologically benign.

Abstract: In the current work, we studied the effect of Ga+3 substitutions on the Ta+5 sites in
Li5+2xLa3Ta2-xGaxO12 (LLT-Ga) lithium conducting garnets (with x = 0.1–0.5) in order to enhance the
ionic conductivity of these materials. The current materials are prepared by solid state reaction and
their electrical properties are studied by impedance spectroscopy measurements. XRD data showed
that cubic garnet phases are obtained for LLT-Ga garnets. The ionic conductivity increased by one
order of magnitude for x = 0.3 composition with a value of ~4  10?5 S/cm compared to that of
Li5La3Ta2O12 material. Moreover, the hopping frequency and the concentration of mobile Li+ ions
were estimated from analysis of the conductivity spectra, and it was found that both the concentration
and mobility of Li+ ions increased with increasing Ga+3 content in the materials. The dielectric and
relaxation properties were studied in the dielectric permittivity and electric modulus formalisms.
The current materials exhibited giant values of the dielectric constant of "0 ~ 6500, originating from
internal effects in the materials.

Abstract: In the current study, we report on the dielectric behavior of colossal-dielectric-constant
Na1/2La1/2Cu3Ti4O12 (NLCTO) ceramics prepared by mechanochemical synthesis and spark plasma
sintering (SPS) at 850 C, 900 C, and 925 C for 10 min. X-ray powder diffraction analysis showed that
all the ceramics have a cubic phase. Scanning electron microscope observations revealed an increase
in the average grain size from 175 to 300 nm with an increase in the sintering temperature. SPS
NLCTO ceramics showed a room-temperature colossal dielectric constant (>103) and a comparatively
high dielectric loss (>0.1) over most of the studied frequency range (1 Hz—40 MHz). Two relaxation
peaks were observed in the spectra of the electrical modulus and attributed to the response of grain
and grain boundary. According to the Nyquist plots of complex impedance, the SPS NLCTO ceramics
have semiconductor grains surrounded by electrically resistive grain boundaries. The colossal
dielectric constant of SPS NLCTO ceramics was attributed to the internal barrier layer capacitance
(IBLC) effect. The high dielectric loss is thought to be due to the low resistivity of the grain boundary
of SPS NLCTO.

Abstract: In the current study, Bi2/3Cu3Ti4O12 (BCTO) ceramics were prepared by mechanical
ball mill of the elemental oxides followed by conventional sintering of the powder without any
pre-sintering heat treatments. The sintering temperature was in the range 950–990 C, which is
100–150 C lower than the previous conventional sintering studies on BCTO ceramics. All the ceramic
samples showed body-centered cubic phase and grain size  2–6 m. Sintering temperature in the
range 950–975 C resulted in comparatively lower dielectric loss and lower thermal coefficient of
permittivity in the temperature range from ?50 to 120 C. All the BCTO ceramics showed reasonably
high relative permittivity. The behavior of BCTO ceramics was correlated with the change in
oxygen content in the samples with sintering temperature. This interpretation was supported by the
measurements of the energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) elemental analysis and activation
energy for conduction and for relaxation in the ceramics.

Abstract: (Nb5+, Si4+) co-doped TiO2 (NSTO) ceramics with the compositions (Nb0.5Si0.5)xTi1?xO2,
x = 0, 0.025, 0.050 and 0.1 were prepared with a solid-state reaction technique. X-ray diffraction
(XRD) patterns and Raman spectra confirmed that the tetragonal rutile is the main phase in all the
ceramics. Additionally, XRD revealed the presence of a secondary phase of SiO2 in the co-doped
ceramics. Impedance spectroscopy analysis showed two contributions, which correspond to the
responses of grain and grain-boundary. All the (Nb, Si) co-doped TiO2 showed improved dielectric
performance in the high frequency range (>103 Hz). The sample (Nb0.5Si0.5)0.025Ti0.975O2 showed the
best dielectric performance in terms of higher relative permittivity (5.5  104) and lower dielectric
loss (0.18), at 10 kHz and 300 K, compared to pure TiO2 (1.1  103, 0.34). The colossal permittivity
of NSTO ceramics is attributed to an internal barrier layer capacitance (IBLC) effect, formed by
insulating grain-boundaries and semiconductor grains in the ceramics.

Abstract: Herein we have fabricated AuTiO2 from a one-dimensional (1D) nanocomposite by the
simple oxidation method of the Ti sheet for supercapacitor applications. We intended on fabricating a
microlayer extended into the sheet body to form a selfstanding electrode. Raman spectra and XRD
patterns confirmed the formation of the rutile phase of the TiO2 bulk, and FESEM confirmed the
growth of the 1D nanostructure made of Au/TiO2, where the Au nanoparticles reside on the tip of
the TiO2 nanorods. The growth of 1D TiO2 by this method is supported by a growth mechanism
during the oxidation process. Three electrodes were fabricated based on pure and doped TiO2. These
electrodes were used as a selfstanding supercapacitor electrode. The Au-doped TiO2 exhibited a great
improvement in the electrochemical performance at low Au concentrations, whereas the excessive Au
concentration on the TiO2 surface exhibited a negative effect on the capacitance value. The highest
areal capacitance of 72 mFcm?2 at a current density of 5 Acm?2 was recorded for TiO2 doped with
a low Au concentration. The mechanism of the electrochemical reaction was proposed based on
Nyquist and Bode plots. The obtained results point out that the effect of Au on the TiO2 surface
makes Au/TiO2 ceramic electrodes a promising material as selfstanding energy storage electrodes.

Abstract: Controlling of morphology from nanoparticles to magnetic nanotubes and hollow nanorods
are interesting for developing the photo-active materials and their applications in the field of photocatalysis
and decontamination of aquatic effluents. In the current study, titanium dioxide nanoparticles
and nanocomposites were prepared by different techniques to produce various morphologies.
The nanoparticles of pure titanium dioxide were prepared by sol-gel technique. Magnetic nanotubes
and hollow nanorods were prepared by combining titanium with di- and tri-valent iron through two
stages: urea hydrolysis and solvent thermal technique. According to the Kirkendall effect, magnetic
nanotubes were fabricated by unequal diffusion of Fe2+, Fe3+ and Ti4+ inside the nanocomposite
to produce maghemite-titanian phase. In the same trend, hollow nanorods were synthesized by
limited diffusion of both trivalent iron and tetravalent titanium producing amorphous structure of
titanium iron oxides. The magnetic and optical properties showed that these nanotubes and hollow
nanorods are magnetically active and optically more effective compared with titanium dioxide
nanoparticles. Therefore, the Naphthol green B dye completely disappeared after 45 min of UV light
irradiation in presence of the hollow nanorods. The kinetic study confirmed the high performance of
the hollow nanorods for the photocatalytic degradation of Naphthol green B compared with titanium
dioxide nanoparticles.

The mechanism of oxidative removal of flucloxacillin antibiotic (Flx) by two different oxidants (Ox), potassium bromate (KBrO3) and potassium iodate (KIO3), were studied using a spectrophotometric technique in sulfuric acid medium. The stoichiometry of the oxidation reactions of flucloxacillin by both oxidants was set to be a 2: 3 (Ox: Flx). The oxidation products of flucloxacillin were identified utilizing spot tests and FT-IR spectroscopy. The reactions followed a first order credence in [Flx] and lesser than unit order kinetics regarding to both [Ox] and [H+]. Negligible impacts of both ionic strength and dielectric constant of the reactions medium on the rates of reactions were observed. The dependence of the oxidation rates on mercuric acetate concentration which works as a scavenger for any bromide or iodide ion composed during the reactions was investigated. Credence of reaction rates on temperature was studied, and the activation parameters were assessed and discussed. Tests for free radicals involvement throughout the oxidation reactions were negative. The reactions mechanism was elucidated and the rate law expressions were derived.

The inhibition impacts of three synthesized propane bis-oxoindoline derivatives on the mild steel corrosion behavior in 1.0 M solution of sulfuric acid was explored using weight loss (WL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), as well as the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The outcomes of WL measurements displayed that the inhibition efficiencies of the tested propane bis-oxoindoline derivatives enhanced with their concentrations and reduced with rising temperature. The maximum inhibition efficiency was set to be 93 % at 288 K. PDP study revealed that the synthesizedorganic compounds act as mixed-type inhibitors with a predominant anodic type. The synergistic inhibition impact amongst the examined inhibitors and certain divalent transition metal ions followed the order: Zn2+> Co2+> Cd2+. It has been found that adsorption of bis-oxoindoline inhibitors on the steel surface are compatible with Langmuir adsorption coefficient, and the calculated thermodynamic parameters supported the physical nature of the adsorption process. The assessed activation energy for mild steel dissolution in H2SO4 was noticed to rise from 6.32 kJ mol−1 in the uninhibited medium to (24.53 – 32.59) kJ mol−1 in the presence of a 500 ppm of the examined organic compoundsconfirming strong adsorption of the inhibitor molecules, thus reducing the corrosion rates. The mechanism of corrosion of mild steel in H2SO4solution and its inhibition in the existence of the synthesized organic inhibitors were discussed. The acquired outcomes from all employed techniques were in a good accordance