The present study aims to investigate the effects of methyltestosterone on monosex farmed tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus by detection of apoptosis, micronucleus and alterations of erythrocytes. Fishes were obtained from four localities (Assiut as a control and Beheira, Alexandria and Kafr EL-Sheikh; three farms from each governorate as farmed monosex produced using methyltestosterone). Blood smears were processed for Hematoxylin and eosin technique. The major alterations recorded in the red blood cells were as swelled cells (Sc), tear drop-like cells (Tr), and sickle cells (Sk). Also, a significant difference (P 6 0.001) between three governorates and Assiut was recorded in the micronucleus test, apoptosis and altered erythrocytes. These alterations are considered as an indication for performance and health of fish in the monosex culture medium indicating the side effects of overdose induction of MT.

Synthesis of bi functionally substituted thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole compounds was carried out by a new method. The substituted group at position five is namely (carbonitrile, carboxamide, N-(substitutedphenyl) carboxamide and benzoyl group). Chloroacetylation of the amino thieno[2,3- c]pyrazolecarboxamide compound afforded the chloroacetyl amino derivative. The chemical structure of the newly synthesized compounds was established by elemental and spectral analysis including IR, 1H NMR spectra in addition to 13C NMR and mass spectra for most of them. In the present work, we assessed the role of the new synthesized thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole compounds as antioxidants against the toxicity of the 4-nonylphenol on the red blood cells of the most economically important Nile fishes namely African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The erythrocytes alterations were used as biological indicators to detect those effects. After exposure to 4-nonylphenol, the erythrocytes malformations (swelled cells, sickle cells, tear drop like cells, acanthocytes, and vacuolated cells) were recorded in highest number in comparison with other groups control and those injected with thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole compounds. So, the new thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole compounds can be used as antioxidants against toxicity of 4-nonylphenol on fishes.

Synthesis of bi functionally substituted thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole compounds was carried out by a new method. The substituted group at position five is namely (carbonitrile, carboxamide, N-(substitutedphenyl) carboxamide and benzoyl group). Chloroacetylation of the amino thieno[2,3- c]pyrazolecarboxamide compound afforded the chloroacetyl amino derivative. The chemical structure of the newly synthesized compounds was established by elemental and spectral analysis including IR, 1H NMR spectra in addition to 13C NMR and mass spectra for most of them. In the present work, we assessed the role of the new synthesized thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole compounds as antioxidants against the toxicity of the 4-nonylphenol on the red blood cells of the most economically important Nile fishes namely African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The erythrocytes alterations were used as biological indicators to detect those effects. After exposure to 4-nonylphenol, the erythrocytes malformations (swelled cells, sickle cells, tear drop like cells, acanthocytes, and vacuolated cells) were recorded in highest number in comparison with other groups control and those injected with thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole compounds. So, the new thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole compounds can be used as antioxidants against toxicity of 4-nonylphenol on fishes.

Synthesis of bi functionally substituted thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole compounds was carried out by a new method. The substituted group at position five is namely (carbonitrile, carboxamide, N-(substitutedphenyl) carboxamide and benzoyl group). Chloroacetylation of the amino thieno[2,3- c]pyrazolecarboxamide compound afforded the chloroacetyl amino derivative. The chemical structure of the newly synthesized compounds was established by elemental and spectral analysis including IR, 1H NMR spectra in addition to 13C NMR and mass spectra for most of them. In the present work, we assessed the role of the new synthesized thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole compounds as antioxidants against the toxicity of the 4-nonylphenol on the red blood cells of the most economically important Nile fishes namely African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The erythrocytes alterations were used as biological indicators to detect those effects. After exposure to 4-nonylphenol, the erythrocytes malformations (swelled cells, sickle cells, tear drop like cells, acanthocytes, and vacuolated cells) were recorded in highest number in comparison with other groups control and those injected with thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole compounds. So, the new thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole compounds can be used as antioxidants against toxicity of 4-nonylphenol on fishes.

The current study sought to explore the response of application of purified silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to soil grown with faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and inoculated either with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae ASU (KF670819) or Glomus aggregatum 14G or in combination. Ag NPs was synthesized and stabilized using PVP and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and the characteristic surface plasmon resonance band centred at 430 nm. Also, the morphologies and structures of Ag NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy and the size distribution ranged from 5-50 nm. In the first experiment, the germination and seedling growth of faba bean plants were tested under different concentrations of Ag+ as AgNO3 and Ag NPs (100-900 µg kg-1 soil). The germination declined by 40% when exposed to Ag NPs at concentration 800 µg kg-1 soil, while the same level from Ag+ completely inhibited seed germination. In the second experiment the effect of a high concentration of Ag NPs (800 µg kg-1 soil) on Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae growth and Glomus aggregatum activity in soil and their symbiosis with faba bean was investigated. It was proved that Ag NPs considerably retarded the process of nodulation, nitrogenase activity, mycorrhizal colonization, mycorrhizal responsiveness and glomalin content. High concentration of Ag NPs (800 µg kg-1 soil) resulted in detectable alterations including the intracellular deterioration of cytoplasmic components by means of autophagy and disintegration of bacteroids. These findings elucidate the mechanism of toxic action of Ag NPs which resulted in early senescence of root nodules.

The current study sought to explore the response of application of purified silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to soil grown with faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and inoculated either with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae ASU (KF670819) or Glomus aggregatum 14G or in combination. Ag NPs was synthesized and stabilized using PVP and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and the characteristic surface plasmon resonance band centred at 430 nm. Also, the morphologies and structures of Ag NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy and the size distribution ranged from 5-50 nm. In the first experiment, the germination and seedling growth of faba bean plants were tested under different concentrations of Ag+ as AgNO3 and Ag NPs (100-900 µg kg-1 soil). The germination declined by 40% when exposed to Ag NPs at concentration 800 µg kg-1 soil, while the same level from Ag+ completely inhibited seed germination. In the second experiment the effect of a high concentration of Ag NPs (800 µg kg-1 soil) on Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae growth and Glomus aggregatum activity in soil and their symbiosis with faba bean was investigated. It was proved that Ag NPs considerably retarded the process of nodulation, nitrogenase activity, mycorrhizal colonization, mycorrhizal responsiveness and glomalin content. High concentration of Ag NPs (800 µg kg-1 soil) resulted in detectable alterations including the intracellular deterioration of cytoplasmic components by means of autophagy and disintegration of bacteroids. These findings elucidate the mechanism of toxic action of Ag NPs which resulted in early senescence of root nodules.

The current study sought to explore the response of application of purified silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to soil grown with faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and inoculated either with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae ASU (KF670819) or Glomus aggregatum 14G or in combination. Ag NPs was synthesized and stabilized using PVP and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and the characteristic surface plasmon resonance band centred at 430 nm. Also, the morphologies and structures of Ag NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy and the size distribution ranged from 5-50 nm. In the first experiment, the germination and seedling growth of faba bean plants were tested under different concentrations of Ag+ as AgNO3 and Ag NPs (100-900 µg kg-1 soil). The germination declined by 40% when exposed to Ag NPs at concentration 800 µg kg-1 soil, while the same level from Ag+ completely inhibited seed germination. In the second experiment the effect of a high concentration of Ag NPs (800 µg kg-1 soil) on Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae growth and Glomus aggregatum activity in soil and their symbiosis with faba bean was investigated. It was proved that Ag NPs considerably retarded the process of nodulation, nitrogenase activity, mycorrhizal colonization, mycorrhizal responsiveness and glomalin content. High concentration of Ag NPs (800 µg kg-1 soil) resulted in detectable alterations including the intracellular deterioration of cytoplasmic components by means of autophagy and disintegration of bacteroids. These findings elucidate the mechanism of toxic action of Ag NPs which resulted in early senescence of root nodules.

A novel series of pyrazoline and thiazole derivatives incorporating 2-pyrazolin-5-one moiety were synthesized starting from α,β-unsaturated ketones under the effect of hydrazine derivatives and thiosemicarbazide. The obtained pyrazolines 4a, 4b were treated with different reagents to afford N-substituted pyrazolines 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. N-Thiocarbamoyl pyrazolines 12a, 12b were cyclized using phenacyl bromide, 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline, and monochloroacetic acid afforded the novel pyrazolinyl thiazoles 13a, 13b, 14a, 14b, 15a, 15b, 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16f. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by analytical and spectral data.

In the title compound, C22H18ClN3O, the carbazole ring system is essentially planar (r.m.s deviation = 0.003 A ° ), and makes a dihedral angle of 9.01 (8) with the plane of the chlorophenyl ring. In the crystal, neighbouring molecules are linked into centrosymmetric R2 2(8) dimers by pairs of N— H  O interactions and into a three-dimensional network by C—H   interactions. The dimers are arranged into layers parallel to (010

Porous Anodic Alumina (PAA) membranes have been fabricated from pure and doped aluminum films (Pure Al, Al-0.5wt.% Cu and Al-1wt.%Si) by the one-step anodization method at room temperature. Formation of the PAA has been performed by three different electrolytes, namely: sulfuric (1 M), oxalic (0.3 M) and phosphoric (0.75 M) acids. For this purpose, potentiostatic anodization in a two-electrode cell configuration has been carried out. High quality alumina with straight pores have been obtained starting from pure aluminum metal films. It is found that, different types of branched structures are formed by aluminum films doped with impurities such as Si and Cu. The relationship between the electrochemical current response and the obtained pore architectures are discussed. Oxide formation rates, barrier layer thickness, vertical and horizontal inter-pore distances are investigated. The present synthesized templates have a large surface area make it one of the mostpopular nanomaterial with applications across a gamut of areas including, energy storage, sensors and biosensors.