Integrated biostratigraphical and sedimentological studies on the Early Paleogene rocks (Thebes Formation) at four localities along the western shoulder of the Gulf of Suez, have provided an opportunity to evaluate the stratigraphy and the geological evolution of the sedimentary basins. The carbonate succession of the Thebes Formation represents a general regressive trend, which rests conformably to unconformably on the shales and marls of the Dakhla and Esna formations. The vertical facies change records a transition from deep- to mid-shelf to shoal, to lagoon, into a peritidal zone forming southwest gently-dipping slope to basin transect. Based on the study of the planktonic foraminiferal fossils; four zones have been defined according to the important planktonic foraminiferal taxa: Morozovella aragonensis/Morozovella subbotinae, Acarinina pentacamerata, Acarinina cuneicamerata of Ypresian age and Globigerinatheka kugleri/M. aragonensis of Early Lutetian age. The stratigraphy of the studied rocks is punctuated by three regional syn-depositional tectonic phases. The ages of these phases, have been determined chrono-stratigraphically as: Danian/Early Ypresian, Middle–Late Ypresian and Early Lutetian. Globally, these phases are three pronounced tectonic episodes in the tectonic history of the Syrian Arc Orogeny. The results suggest that the sedimentation regime was mainly controlled by external as well as internal parameters, which formulated the sedimentary basins.

In the last years, a considerable amount of attention has been devoted to the development of the area of northwest of the Gulf of Suez. It is one of the most important areas, which takes considerable attention by the Egyptian government because it hosts one of the MEGA National projects in Egypt. The area presents a great potential for development programs including touristic resorts, industrial zones, a new port and finally the great new second Suez Canal which has been started the implementation in the last quarter of 2014. The water resources in this area play an increasing important role in providing a source of potable water for land reclamation and construction of new settlements. The proposed area forms a part of the great Eocene plateau of the northeastern Desert of Egypt. Two major limestone sections have been selected to evaluate the suitability of the Eocene limestone in Cement Industry. The first section represents the carbonate sequence of Gabal Sad El-Na'am exposed at Bir Gindali district. The second one is measured at Gabal Umm Rassiess. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the suitability of both sections in Cement Industry by creating specific geochemical analyses. By using these geochemical analyses with other parameters, it will be able to determine whether, Gabal Sad El-Na'am or Umm Rassiess is valid in Cement Industry.

In the last years, a considerable amount of attention has been devoted to the development of the area of northwest of the Gulf of Suez. It is one of the most important areas, which takes considerable attention by the Egyptian government because it hosts one of the MEGA National projects in Egypt. The area presents a great potential for development programs including touristic resorts, industrial zones, a new port and finally the great new second Suez Canal which has been started the implementation in the last quarter of 2014. The water resources in this area play an increasing important role in providing a source of potable water for land reclamation and construction of new settlements. The proposed area forms a part of the great Eocene plateau of the northeastern Desert of Egypt. Two major limestone sections have been selected to evaluate the suitability of the Eocene limestone in Cement Industry. The first section represents the carbonate sequence of Gabal Sad El-Na'am exposed at Bir Gindali district. The second one is measured at Gabal Umm Rassiess. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the suitability of both sections in Cement Industry by creating specific geochemical analyses. By using these geochemical analyses with other parameters, it will be able to determine whether, Gabal Sad El-Na'am or Umm Rassiess is valid in Cement Industry.

In the last years, a considerable amount of attention has been devoted to the development of the area of northwest of the Gulf of Suez. It is one of the most important areas, which takes considerable attention by the Egyptian government because it hosts one of the MEGA National projects in Egypt. The area presents a great potential for development programs including touristic resorts, industrial zones, a new port and finally the great new second Suez Canal which has been started the implementation in the last quarter of 2014. The water resources in this area play an increasing important role in providing a source of potable water for land reclamation and construction of new settlements. The proposed area forms a part of the great Eocene plateau of the northeastern Desert of Egypt. Two major limestone sections have been selected to evaluate the suitability of the Eocene limestone in Cement Industry. The first section represents the carbonate sequence of Gabal Sad El-Na'am exposed at Bir Gindali district. The second one is measured at Gabal Umm Rassiess. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the suitability of both sections in Cement Industry by creating specific geochemical analyses. By using these geochemical analyses with other parameters, it will be able to determine whether, Gabal Sad El-Na'am or Umm Rassiess is valid in Cement Industry.

The adhesive properties of Fe(110)/Fe(110) and Fe3C(001)/Fe(110) countersurfaces have been investigated by using classical molecular dynamics simulations. The simulation results show that Fe3C/Fe exhibits a relatively lower adhesion compared to the Fe/Fe. Additionally, the temperature dependence of the adhesive properties between 300–700 K has been examined. The results demonstrate that, with increasing the temperature, the values of the adhesion force and the work of adhesion continuously decrease in the case of Fe3C/Fe; they initially slightly increase up to 500 K then decrease in the case of Fe/Fe. Furthermore, the effect of lattice coherency between Fe/Fe has been examined and found to slightly reduce the adhesion. These results explain how carbides improve galling resistance of tool steel observed during dry sliding.

The present study was carried out to investigate the histological and histochemical changes in the retina on different developmental stages of Egyptian toad Bufo regularis. Our experiment started when tadpoles begin to feed. The adapted embryos are divided into 3 large tanks of 200 embryos each, collections of samples started from feeding age every three days. Both histological and histochemical results showed that the general architecture of the retina organ is correlated with the state of development. Therefore, it displayed different characteristic features depending on the investigated developmental stage starting from the larval stage (feeding began, stage 44) and ending with the postmetamorphic stage 66. Also, the present work aimed to study the chronic effects of UVA on the retina structure of B. regularis during development and metamorphosis for the first time

The present study was carried out to investigate the histological and histochemical changes in the retina on different developmental stages of Egyptian toad Bufo regularis. Our experiment started when tadpoles begin to feed. The adapted embryos are divided into 3 large tanks of 200 embryos each, collections of samples started from feeding age every three days. Both histological and histochemical results showed that the general architecture of the retina organ is correlated with the state of development. Therefore, it displayed different characteristic features depending on the investigated developmental stage starting from the larval stage (feeding began, stage 44) and ending with the postmetamorphic stage 66. Also, the present work aimed to study the chronic effects of UVA on the retina structure of B. regularis during development and metamorphosis for the first time

The present study was carried out to investigate the histological and histochemical changes in the retina on different developmental stages of Egyptian toad Bufo regularis. Our experiment started when tadpoles begin to feed. The adapted embryos are divided into 3 large tanks of 200 embryos each, collections of samples started from feeding age every three days. Both histological and histochemical results showed that the general architecture of the retina organ is correlated with the state of development. Therefore, it displayed different characteristic features depending on the investigated developmental stage starting from the larval stage (feeding began, stage 44) and ending with the postmetamorphic stage 66. Also, the present work aimed to study the chronic effects of UVA on the retina structure of B. regularis during development and metamorphosis for the first time

Morphological alterations in red blood cells were described as hematological bioindicators of UVA exposure to investigate the sensitivity to UVA in wild type Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and a p53 deficient mutant. The fewer abnormal red blood cells were observed in the p53 mutant fish under the control conditions. After exposure to different doses of UVA radiation (15 min, 30 min and 60 min/day for 3 days), cellular and nuclear alterations in red blood cells were analyzed in the UVA exposed fish compared with non-exposed controls and those alterations included acanthocytes, cell membrane lysis, swollen cells, teardrop-like cell, hemolyzed cells and sickle cells. Those alterations were increased after the UVA exposure both in wild type and the p53 deficient fish. Moreover, apoptosis analyzed by acridine orange assay showed increased number of apoptosis in red blood cells at the higher UVA exposure dose. No micronuclei but nuclear abnormalities as eccentric nucleus, nuclear budding, deformed nucleus, and bilobed nucleuswere observed in each group. These results suggested that UVA exposure induced both p53 dependent and independent apoptosis and morphological alterations in red blood cells but less sensitive to UVA thanWild type in medaka fish.

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) towards African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Adult male catfish was exposed to 0, 25, 50, and 75 mgl–1 Ag-NPs for two weeks. Exposure to Ag-NPs exerted an increase in mortality rate and behavioural changes compared to control. A fluorescent microscopy examination was used to assess the cytotoxic effect. There was a 15-fold greater extent of apoptosis in erythrocytes of exposed fish to 75 mgl–1 compared to control fish. No significant differences in the extent of apoptosis were detected in 25 mgl–1 and 50 mgl–1 exposed fish. Also, the genotoxic effect of the tested compound was evaluated via micronucleus and DNA fragmentation assays. The micronucleated erythrocytes were observed as well as, DNA damage was recorded in the liver, kidney, gill, and muscles in all exposed groups and percentage elevated with the increase of Ag-NPs concentration. Overall, our results indicate that, Ag-NPs exhibited the both genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in African catfish.