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The performance of LaBr3(Ce) to measure nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) excitations is discussed in terms of limits of detection and in comparison with high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors near the 2 MeV region where many NRF excitation levels from special nuclear materials are located. The NRF experiment was performed at the High Intensity γ-ray Source (HIγS) facility. The incident γ-rays, of 2.12 MeV energy, hit a B4C target to excite the 11B nuclei to the first excitation level. The statistical-sensitive non-linear peak clipping (SNIP) algorithm was implemented to eliminate the background and enhance the limits of detection for the spectra measured with LaBr3(Ce). Both detection and determination limits were deduced from the experimental data.

The performance of LaBr3(Ce) to measure nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) excitations is discussed in terms of limits of detection and in comparison with high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors near the 2 MeV region where many NRF excitation levels from special nuclear materials are located. The NRF experiment was performed at the High Intensity γ-ray Source (HIγS) facility. The incident γ-rays, of 2.12 MeV energy, hit a B4C target to excite the 11B nuclei to the first excitation level. The statistical-sensitive non-linear peak clipping (SNIP) algorithm was implemented to eliminate the background and enhance the limits of detection for the spectra measured with LaBr3(Ce). Both detection and determination limits were deduced from the experimental data.

Production of electron bunches with extremely small transverse emittance is the focus of the PITZ (Photo Injector Test facility at DESY in Zeuthen) scientific program. PITZ is one of the leading laboratories on generation and optimization of high brightness electron bunches with different charges for free electron laser (FEL) machines such as FLASH and the European XFEL. In 2011 using a photocathode laser with a flattop temporal profile, PITZ has revealed record low transverse properties emittance values at different bunch charges. However, further improvement of beam quality with smaller emittance is foreseen using a cathode laser system, capable of producing 3D ellipsoidal bunches. Numerical simulations were performed to study and compare the beam dynamics of electron beams produced with 3D ellipsoidal and flattop laser profiles. Different bunch charges from 20 pC up to 4 nC are considered in the simulation, in order to find an optimum PITZ machine setup which yields the lowest transverse emittance. In the present paper, the simulation setup, conditions, and results of the comparison are presented and discussed.

Linac-based X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) are the fourth generation light sources consisting of an injector, a linac section including RF linearizer and magnetic bunch compressor and an undulator section for the production of FEL radiation caused by the interaction of an electron beam and an electromagnetic radiation field produced by the beam itself. The flexible use of XFEL radiation is based on variable focusing and tuning the X-ray energy. These methods allow one to change the power density of the incident X-rays by many orders of magnitude. Due to the unique futures of XFEL radiation like short intense pulses, fields of high amplitude, frequency, and coherence, it has wide range of applications in variety of research fields, Chemistry, Biology, Medicine, and ets,. XFEL principles, light properties and applications will be reviewed in the conference.

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For the operation of free electron lasers (FELs) like the Eu- ropean XFEL and FLASH located at DESY, Hamburg Site, high quality electron beams are required already from the source. The Photo Injector Test facility at DESY, Zeuthen Site (PITZ), was established to develop, characterize and optimize electron sources for such FELs. Last year the work at PITZ focused on the optimization of a photo injector op- erated very close to the startup parameters of the European XFEL. This implies photocathode laser pulses with a Gaus- sian temporal profile of about 11 − 12 ps FWHM to drive the photo gun operated at a gradient of about 53MV/m. Significant effort was spent on the electron beam character- ization and optimization for various bunch charges. Emit- tance measurements were performed as a function of major accelerator parameters such as main solenoid current, laser spot size on the cathode and the gun launching phase. The requirement on the beam emittance for a bunch charge of 500 pC for the European XFEL commissioning phase has been demonstrated. Results of these studies accompanied with the corresponding simulations are presented in this paper.

Integrated biostratigraphical and sedimentological studies on the Early Paleogene rocks (Thebes Formation) at four localities along the western shoulder of the Gulf of Suez, have provided an opportunity to evaluate the stratigraphy and the geological evolution of the sedimentary basins. The carbonate succession of the Thebes Formation represents a general regressive trend, which rests conformably to unconformably on the shales and marls of the Dakhla and Esna formations. The vertical facies change records a transition from deep- to mid-shelf to shoal, to lagoon, into a peritidal zone forming southwest gently-dipping slope to basin transect. Based on the study of the planktonic foraminiferal fossils; four zones have been defined according to the important planktonic foraminiferal taxa: Morozovella aragonensis/Morozovella subbotinae, Acarinina pentacamerata, Acarinina cuneicamerata of Ypresian age and Globigerinatheka kugleri/M. aragonensis of Early Lutetian age. The stratigraphy of the studied rocks is punctuated by three regional syn-depositional tectonic phases. The ages of these phases, have been determined chrono-stratigraphically as: Danian/Early Ypresian, Middle–Late Ypresian and Early Lutetian. Globally, these phases are three pronounced tectonic episodes in the tectonic history of the Syrian Arc Orogeny. The results suggest that the sedimentation regime was mainly controlled by external as well as internal parameters, which formulated the sedimentary basins.