This paper discusses the hydrocarbon potential of the Jurassic succession in a mature basin in Egypt as an
important element of a larger petroleum system study. Prior to any organic petrographic and organic geochemical
analyses, a palynological age dating of the originally undifferentiated Jurassic sequence was carried
out to identify different formations under investigation. This was based on key bioevents of some recovered
dinoflagellate cysts and the identified lithology. Palynological, TOC/Rock Eval pyrolysis (including modified
Rock-Eval methods), and vitrinite reflectance (VRo%) data from a total of 14 samples taken from the uppermost
lower-upper Jurassic sequence represented by the Wadi Natrun (Toarcian-Aalenian), Khatatba (late Bathonian-
Callovian), and Masajid (Oxfordian) formations in the Abu Tunis-1× well, are presented. In addition, two
samples from the Abu Tunis-1× well and the proximal (~32 km to the east) Siqueifa-1× well, having the
highest remaining hydrocarbon potential (S2 yields), were analyzed and their results were compared using
modified pyrolysis programs. Although the data showed a good correlation between the TAI of the palynomorph
assemblage, vitrinite reflectance, and Tmax from Rock-Eval pyrolysis in the shallower intervals, the correlation
between VRo and Tmax was poor in the lower half of the studied succession (middle Khatatba and Wadi Natrun
formations). The very low Tmax values indicate immature OM while VRo and TAI indicated middle stage of oil
window to past peak oil generation. The reason for this discrepancy is that the deeper samples are reservoir
rocks, not source rocks, and the majority of the organic matter is not composed of reactive kerogen but consists
of migrated hydrocarbons and NSO compounds. Contamination due to oil-based mud (OBM) was eliminated
because the Abu Tunis-1× well was drilled in 1969, prior to the extensive use of OBM in drilling. This study
showed that a multi-proxy approach is the best way to screen the hydrocarbon potential in a thick succession
that contains interbedded source and reservoir rocks.

Sixteen samples from the “E” to “B” members of the Abu Roash Formation encountered in the Beni Suef Basin, Eastern Desert of Egypt were palynologically analyzed for palaeoenvironmental and sequence stratigraphic investigations. The integrated palynofacies and lithofacies analysis of the studied section indicates deposition of five alternating regressive and transgressive sequences in well-oxygenated,
proximal shelf settings. The Abu Roash “E” and the upper “D” to the lower “C” members were deposited during pronounced regressive phases in oxic, shallow marginal marine settings. The upper “B” Member was deposited during a recurring regressive phase but of a lower magnitude in oxic, shallow inner neritic conditions. The lower “D” Member was deposited during a minor transgression phase in dysoxic, shallow inner neritic settings. While the upper “C” to the lower “B” section was deposited during
a stronger transgressive episode in a relatively deep, inner neritic environment of prominent dysoxic conditions. This interchange in the depositional setting was documented by the pronounced and concurrent, cyclic nature of the freshwater algae, peridinioid dinoflagellate cysts, pteridophyte spores, and reworked sporomorphs with variable intensities. Their increasing and conversely their diminishing trends clearly reflect alternating regressive-transgressive periods of reduced and relatively normal salinity conditions, respectively. Overall, sedimentation of the studied Abu Roash section indicates a recurring rise in sea level, which accentuated during the earliest Santonian time.
The analogous peaking in the Pediastrum signals with those of the pteridophyte spores and reworked taxa indicate a good connection between these Pediastrum signals and the pronounced fluviatile influxes of terrigenous sediments during regressive phases. Accordingly, this can be used to identify regressive sequence boundaries and hence the clastic reservoirs. Even with the small counts recorded herein, we believe high ratios of peridinioid/gonyalulacoid dinocysts are significantly paralleled by peaking signals of freshwater algae and regressive sedimentation phases. This must be preliminary documented here. Probably future palynological studies will be able to fully interpret and address this important Pediastrum rhythmic event in different sequence stratigraphic settings. The palynological parameters, age controlled sporomorph marker taxa, lithology, and gamma ray data were used to differentiate the Abu Roash members into three distinctive 3rd order depositional sequences
(AR SQ1, AR SQ2, and AR SQ3). These sequences match well with the global stratigraphic sequences Tu 3, Tu 4, and Co 1 and connect the local rise in sea level to the global eustatic sea level rise.

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New derivatives of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazines and related heterocycles were synthesized using 5-amino-3-methyl-4-nitroso-1-phenyl-pyrazole (1) as a starting material. The 5-acetyl derivative 15 was shown to be a useful key intermediate for the synthesis of several derivatives of pyrazolopyrazines. Some of the prepared compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and anti-breast cancer MCF-7 cell line activities. SAR study showed that compounds 15 and 29 exhibited remarkable anti-inflammatory activity, where 15 showed the same activity as that of the reference drug indomethacin. On the other hand, compounds 25i, 25j showed very significant inhibitory activity (p < 0.001) against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.

New derivatives of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazines and related heterocycles were synthesized using 5-amino-3-methyl-4-nitroso-1-phenyl-pyrazole (1) as a starting material. The 5-acetyl derivative 15 was shown to be a useful key intermediate for the synthesis of several derivatives of pyrazolopyrazines. Some of the prepared compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and anti-breast cancer MCF-7 cell line activities. SAR study showed that compounds 15 and 29 exhibited remarkable anti-inflammatory activity, where 15 showed the same activity as that of the reference drug indomethacin. On the other hand, compounds 25i, 25j showed very significant inhibitory activity (p < 0.001) against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.