Abstract A green, rapid, and efficient methodology is developed for the synthesis of 1-phenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione (3) by the reaction of malonic acid with phenyl hydrazine in the presence of phosphorous oxychloride under solvent-free conditions. The later compound 3 was used as a versatile precursor for green synthesis of chalcone derivatives (4a-h) and spiroheterocyclic compounds (5a-h) with good to excellent isolated yields. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated on the basis of elemental and spectral analyses.

Abstract
A green, rapid, and efficient methodology is developed for the synthesis of
1-phenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione (3) by the reaction of malonic acid with phenyl
hydrazine in the presence of phosphorous oxychloride under solvent-free conditions.
The later compound 3 was used as a versatile precursor for green synthesis
of chalcone derivatives (4a-h) and spiroheterocyclic compounds (5a-h)
with good to excellent isolated yields. The chemical structures of the synthesized
compounds were elucidated on the basis of elemental and spectral
analyses.

The classical radial harmonic Fourier moments (RHFMs) and the quaternion radial harmonic Fourier moments (QRHFMs) are gray-scale and color image descriptors. The radial harmonic functions with integer orders are not able to extract fine features from the input images. In this paper, the authors derived novel fractional-order radial harmonic functions in polar coordinates. The obtained functions are used to defined novel multi-channel fractional-order radial harmonic moments (FrMRHFMs) for color image description and analysis. The invariants to geometric transformations for these new moments are derived. A theoretical comparison between FrMRHFMs and QRHFMs is performed from the aspects of kernel function and the spectrum analysis. Numerical simulation is carried out to test these new moments in terms of image reconstruction capabilities, invariance to the similarity transformations, color image recognition and the CPU computational times. The obtained theoretical and numerical results clearly show that the proposed FrMRHFMs is superior to the QRHFMs and the existing fractional-order orthogonal moments.

Orthogonal moments enable computer-based systems to discriminate between similar objects. Mathe- maticians proved that the orthogonal polynomials of fractional-orders outperformed their corresponding counterparts in representing the fine details of a given function. In this work, novel orthogonal fractional- order Legendre-Fourier moments are proposed for pattern recognition applications. The basis functions of these moments are defined and the essential mathematical equations for the recurrence relations, orthog- onality and the similarity transformations (rotation and scaling) are derived. The proposed new fractional- order moments are tested where their performance is compared with the existing orthogonal quaternion, multi-channel and fractional moments. New descriptors were found to be superior to the existing ones in terms of accuracy, stability, noise resistance, invariance to similarity transformations, recognition rates and computational times.

Orthogonal moments enable computer-based systems to discriminate between similar objects. Mathe- maticians proved that the orthogonal polynomials of fractional-orders outperformed their corresponding counterparts in representing the fine details of a given function. In this work, novel orthogonal fractional- order Legendre-Fourier moments are proposed for pattern recognition applications. The basis functions of these moments are defined and the essential mathematical equations for the recurrence relations, orthog- onality and the similarity transformations (rotation and scaling) are derived. The proposed new fractional- order moments are tested where their performance is compared with the existing orthogonal quaternion, multi-channel and fractional moments. New descriptors were found to be superior to the existing ones in terms of accuracy, stability, noise resistance, invariance to similarity transformations, recognition rates and computational times.

In the present work, we investigate the effect of Ni doping on the crystallite size (Dhkl), optical band gap (Eg), Photoluminescence emission(PL) behavior, as well as the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methylene blue (MB) by ZnS nanoparticles (NPs) catalyst. Undoped and Ni-doped ZnS NPs at Ni concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% are successfully synthesized with average Dhkl from 2.75 to 3.76 nm by the sonochemical technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images of all samples exhibit pure zinc-blende type of ZnS cubic structure. The increase in Ni content up to 4% results in an increase in the Dhkl and unit cell volume (V) accompanied by a decrease in Eg. Meanwhile, a further increase in Ni content above 4% leads to a decrease in Dhkl and V and an increase in Eg. The deconvoluted PL emission spectrum of the undoped sample at the excitation wavelength (λex) of 325 nm reveals emission bands centered at 3.41, 3.16, 2.89, and 2.26 eV, which are red-shifted with increasing λex to 370 nm. It is observed that the PL emission intensity is quenched with increasing Ni content without any noticeable change in the PL peak position. Ni-doped ZnS catalyst with 2% Ni exhibits maximum photo-degradation efficiency of 52.23% with a rate constant of 0.00396 min−1. The obtained results demonstrate that Ni doping can tune the optical bandgap and photocatalytic efficiency of ZnS NPs that make it applicable for many optoelectronic applications

In the present work, we investigate the effect of Ni doping on the crystallite size (Dhkl), optical band gap (Eg), Photoluminescence emission(PL) behavior, as well as the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methylene blue (MB) by ZnS nanoparticles (NPs) catalyst. Undoped and Ni-doped ZnS NPs at Ni concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% are successfully synthesized with average Dhkl from 2.75 to 3.76 nm by the sonochemical technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images of all samples exhibit pure zinc-blende type of ZnS cubic structure. The increase in Ni content up to 4% results in an increase in the Dhkl and unit cell volume (V) accompanied by a decrease in Eg. Meanwhile, a further increase in Ni content above 4% leads to a decrease in Dhkl and V and an increase in Eg. The deconvoluted PL emission spectrum of the undoped sample at the excitation wavelength (λex) of 325 nm reveals emission bands centered at 3.41, 3.16, 2.89, and 2.26 eV, which are red-shifted with increasing λex to 370 nm. It is observed that the PL emission intensity is quenched with increasing Ni content without any noticeable change in the PL peak position. Ni-doped ZnS catalyst with 2% Ni exhibits maximum photo-degradation efficiency of 52.23% with a rate constant of 0.00396 min−1. The obtained results demonstrate that Ni doping can tune the optical bandgap and photocatalytic efficiency of ZnS NPs that make it applicable for many optoelectronic applications

In the present work, we investigate the effect of Ni doping on the crystallite size (Dhkl), optical band gap (Eg), Photoluminescence emission(PL) behavior, as well as the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methylene blue (MB) by ZnS nanoparticles (NPs) catalyst. Undoped and Ni-doped ZnS NPs at Ni concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% are successfully synthesized with average Dhkl from 2.75 to 3.76 nm by the sonochemical technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images of all samples exhibit pure zinc-blende type of ZnS cubic structure. The increase in Ni content up to 4% results in an increase in the Dhkl and unit cell volume (V) accompanied by a decrease in Eg. Meanwhile, a further increase in Ni content above 4% leads to a decrease in Dhkl and V and an increase in Eg. The deconvoluted PL emission spectrum of the undoped sample at the excitation wavelength (λex) of 325 nm reveals emission bands centered at 3.41, 3.16, 2.89, and 2.26 eV, which are red-shifted with increasing λex to 370 nm. It is observed that the PL emission intensity is quenched with increasing Ni content without any noticeable change in the PL peak position. Ni-doped ZnS catalyst with 2% Ni exhibits maximum photo-degradation efficiency of 52.23% with a rate constant of 0.00396 min−1. The obtained results demonstrate that Ni doping can tune the optical bandgap and photocatalytic efficiency of ZnS NPs that make it applicable for many optoelectronic applications

A novel series of 1-amino-2-substituted-5-piperidinyl-
6,7,8,9-tertahydrothieno[2,3-c]isoquinolines (4a−e) was synthesized
upon treatment of 4-cyano-1-piperidinyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinline-
3(2H)-thione (2) with α-halo carbonyl compounds such as
chloroacetone, ethyl chloroacetate, 2-bromoacetophenone, chloroacetamide,
and chloroacetanilide. Construction the pyrrolyl ring
associated with the thienotetrahydroisoquinoline moiety was achieved
by treatment of compounds 4a, b with 2,5-dimethoxytertahydrofuran
in acetic acid. 1-Pyrrolyl-2-substituted-thieno[2,3-c]isoquinolines 5a
and 5b which in turn were used as multipurpose precursors for
synthesis of other new heterocycles. Assignments of the chemical
structures of the respectively synthesized thienotetrahydroisoquinolines
and their derivatives were established on the bases of elemental
and spectral techniques (Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, 13C
NMR, and mass spectroscopy). Furthermore, certain compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity which revealed
promising activities against various pathogenic strains of bacteria and fungi.

A novel series of 1-amino-2-substituted-5-piperidinyl-
6,7,8,9-tertahydrothieno[2,3-c]isoquinolines (4a−e) was synthesized
upon treatment of 4-cyano-1-piperidinyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinline-
3(2H)-thione (2) with α-halo carbonyl compounds such as
chloroacetone, ethyl chloroacetate, 2-bromoacetophenone, chloroacetamide,
and chloroacetanilide. Construction the pyrrolyl ring
associated with the thienotetrahydroisoquinoline moiety was achieved
by treatment of compounds 4a, b with 2,5-dimethoxytertahydrofuran
in acetic acid. 1-Pyrrolyl-2-substituted-thieno[2,3-c]isoquinolines 5a
and 5b which in turn were used as multipurpose precursors for
synthesis of other new heterocycles. Assignments of the chemical
structures of the respectively synthesized thienotetrahydroisoquinolines
and their derivatives were established on the bases of elemental
and spectral techniques (Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, 13C
NMR, and mass spectroscopy). Furthermore, certain compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity which revealed
promising activities against various pathogenic strains of bacteria and fungi.