Nanoparticles of Zn_1−xNi_xFe₂O₄ (x = 0.0–1.0 in step of 0.2) ferrites are synthesized by microwave combustion method using glycine as a fuel. The structure, site occupancy and ferrimagnetic behavior have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer Spectroscopy (MS) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). Special emphasis is given to the information provided by each of these techniques concerning the impact of the site occupancy on the magnetic properties. The results reveal the formation of single phase cubic spinel with crystallite sizes in the range of 30–42 nm. The lattice constants and the lattice strains decrease gradually with increasing Ni-content. Two well-defined Mössbauer sextets in the spectra at 78 K belong to octahedral [B] and tetrahedral (A) sites, respectively, confirming the formation of Zn_1−xNi_xFe₂O₄ spinel. The isomer shift (δ_Fe) values were assigned to Fe³⁺ ions distributed in both A and B sites. The quadrupole splitting (Δ) values showed also that the orientation of the magnetic hyperfine field (H_int) with respect to the principle axes of the electric field gradient (EFG) is random. The nanosize samples In the presence of an externally applied magnetic field prepared exhibit the hysteresis loops of the ferrimagnetic nature. The value of saturation magnetization increases with introducing Ni up to x = 0.8 and then it decreases. The magnetic data parameters of this structure are discussed as a function of the content of Ni ions.

The developments in mobile/portable electronics and alternative energy vehicles prompted engineers and researchers to develop electrochemical energy storage devices called supercapacitors, as the third-generation type capacitors. Most of the research and development on supercapacitors focus on electrode materials, electrolytes, and hybridization. Some attempts have been directed towards increasing the energy density by employing electroactive materials, such as metal oxides and conducting polymers. However, the high cost and toxicity of applicable metal oxides and poor long-term stability of the conducting polymers paved the way for alternative electrode materials. The electroactive materials with carbon particles in composites have been used substantially to improve the stability of supercapacitors. Furthermore, the use of carbon particles and metal oxides could significantly increase the energy density of supercapacitor electrodes compared to metal oxides. Recent developments in carbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), activated carbon, reduced graphene oxide, and graphene, have found applications in supercapacitors because of their enhanced double-layer capacitance due to the large surface area, electrochemical stability, and excellent mechanical and thermal properties.
 

This work reported the structure and optical investigations of CdS_1−xMn_x (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10) thin films. The thin films of CdS_1−xMn_x with different compositions were synthesized using electron beam evaporation method under high vacuum conditions at room temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed the polycrystalline nature of the deposited films. The observed diffraction peaks were well fitted with a hexagonal crystal structure. In addition, the intensity of XRD peaks decreased by increasing the Mn concentration indicating a monotonical deterioration in the crystalline quality by the doping. The (101) plane is the preferential orientation for the crystal growth of the studied films. The film thickness as well as a refractive index were calculated by Swanepoel’s method. The direct and indirect electronic transitions were found to be responsible for the high absorption process in the studied films. Furthermore, both direct and indirect bandgaps decreased with increasing the Mn content. Other optical parameters such as optical conductivity, real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant, dispersion energy, and dissipation factor were determined and showed a strong dependence on the Mn content. These findings were discussed in terms of the localized states.

The ¹⁷F, ¹⁷O + ²⁰⁸Pb elastic scattering at 90.4 and 78 MeV (just below coulomb barrier), respectively, are analyzed within the framework of the double folding approach. The folded potentials are constructed by folding the density independent M3Y effective nucleon-nucleon interaction over the nucleon density distribution of ¹⁷F and its mirror ¹⁷O nuclei. Gaussian oscillator (GO) density distribution is considered to represent the (core¹⁶O+nucleon) structure for ¹⁷F and ¹⁷O. The knock-on exchange potentials are introduced to construct the real semi-microscopic potentials. The imaginary potentials are supplemented to derive potentials in two forms: either phenomenological Woods-Saxon (WS) or the same form as real folded potentials and different strengths. Moreover, the analysis of ¹⁹F, ¹⁶O + ²⁰⁸Pb elastic scattering at 91, 78 MeV energies, in that order, is applied in comparison to the ¹⁷F, ¹⁷O + ²⁰⁸Pb systems in an endeavor to investigate the behavior and properties of ¹⁷F and ¹⁷O projectiles.

In the context of the double folding optical model, the elastic and inelastic scattering of ⁹Be + ¹²⁰Sn at E_lab (⁹Be) = 31, 42 and 50 MeV and ^9,10,11Be + ⁶⁴Zn elastic scattering at E_c.m. = 24.5 MeV are investigated. Real folded potentials are generated using the DDM3Y interaction based on the suggested density distributions for the ^9,10,11Be nuclei. The imaginary potential is taken in the traditional standard Woods–Saxon form. Coupled channel (CC) calculations using a rotational model are performed for ⁹Be inelastically scattered from ¹²⁰Sn, leading to different ¹²⁰Sn excited states. Successful reproduction of the observed angular distributions of the elastic and inelastic scattering differential cross-sections has been achieved using the derived potentials. Special attention is paid to the previously suggested (3−131−, E_x = 2.40 MeV) ¹²⁰Sn excited state in order to present the contributions come from - 3−131− at 2.40030(5) MeV, 2+323+ at 2.42090(3) MeV, 2+222+ at 2.355383(24) MeV, and 4+141+ at 2.465632(23) MeV—in forming the inelastic data observed at E_x = 2.41 MeV.

In the context of the double folding optical model, the strong refractive effect for elastic scattering of ¹¹Li + ¹²C and ¹¹Li + ²⁸Si systems at incident energies of 29, 50, and 60 MeV/n is studied. Real folded potentials are generated based on a variety of nucleon-nucleon interactions with the suggested density distributions for the halo structure of ¹¹Li nuclei. The rearrangement term (RT) of the extended realistic density dependent CDM3Y6 effective interaction is considered. The imaginary potential was taken in the traditional standard Woods-Saxon form. Satisfactory results for the calculated potentials are obtained, with a slight effect of the RT in CDM3Y6 potential. Successful reproduction with a normalization factor close to one for the observed angular distributions of the elastic scattering differential cross section has been achieved using the derived potentials. The obtained reaction cross-section is studied as a guide by extrapolating our calculations and previous results.

In this work, the elastic scattering of ⁶Li+2828Si system at wide range energies from 76 to 318MeV is analyzed. The analysis is carried out in the framework of the optical model (OM). Two different methods are adopted for nuclear optical potential of this system. The first method is the double folding cluster (DFC) for the real part supplied with an imaginary part in the Woods–Saxon (WS) form.

Whatman® cellulosic filter paper was used as a substrate for the synthesis of two zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs); ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 with and without 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine oxoammonium salt (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofibril (TOCNF). All synthesis procedures take place at room temperature via a one-pot procedure. The synthesis steps were followed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR). Data indicated the formation of metal oxide that converted to a pure phase of ZIFs after the addition of the organic linker i.e. 2-methyl imidazole (Hmim). The materials were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, and X-ray photoelectron microscope (XPS). Data analysis confirms the synthesis of ZIFs into Whatman® filter paper. The materials were used for the reduction of pollutants such as 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) compound to 4-aminophenol (4-AP). The materials exhibit high potential for water treatment and may open new exploration for hybrid materials consisting of cellulose and ZIFs.

Acetamiprid (ACP) is a widespread used insecticide belonging to neonicotinoids (NNs) that are introduced for
controlling pests, and for domestic use to control fleas on cats and dogs. The current experiment pertains to a
comprehensive overview of the toxic effects of acetamiprid and the protective role of folic acid against reproductive,
hematological, histopathological and biochemical toxicity induced by ACP during 5 weeks. Male Albino
rats were divided into four groups of seven each: First group served as control rats (CL group); Second group
received acetamiprid (ACP group) (10 mg/Kg body weight) by oral gavage. Third group received both acetamiprid
and folic acid (ACP + FA group) (2 mg/Kg body weight); Fourth group received folic acid (FA group) (2
mg/Kg body weight). Exposure of rats to acetamiprid caused significant changes in the reproductive indices as it
cause a significant decrease in the sperm count, viability and motility. Furthermore, reproductive hormones such
as testosterone and gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH) were found significantly decreased in acetamiprid
treated group. In addition, acetamiprid administration causes significant changes of some hematological and
immunological parameters (red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), platelet (Plt), white blood cells (WBCs),
lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, IgG, IgM and IgA) in treated rats compared to controls. Significant
increases in the levels of hepatic markers enzymes (aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase
(ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in acetamiprid treated group, as well as severe toxic effect was found on the
liver and kidney after acetamiprid delivery according to the histopathological examinations which were
confirmed after applying histological, histochemical, and Immunohistochemistry tests. The most conspicuous
histopathological changes occurred on the liver and kidney of the acetamiprid treated group represented in the
liver by fatty liver cells, leukocytic infiltration, and hemorrhage while in kidney tissues revealed tubular atrophy,
dense eosinophilic cytoplasm and dilated congested blood vessels. Both liver and kidney tissues showed an increase
in the amount of collagenous fibers and immune reactivity of fatty acid synthase. Moreover, other markers
such as uric acid and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were significantly decreased in acetamiprid treated rats.
Co-administration of folic acid to the third group restored all the parameters cited above to near-normal values.
Therefore, our investigation revealed that acetamiprid induce severe toxicity on different body systems and
parameters and folic acid appeared to be a promising agent for protection against acetamiprid-induced toxicity.