Erythrocytic lipid peroxidation has been implicated as a cause of anemia in Theileria annulata infection in cattle. The present study aimed to evaluate oxidative damage of membrane lipids and proteins in addition to hemoglobin (Hb) as three criterions of erythrocyte oxidation and their relation to erythrocyte deformability and anemia of newborn crossbred calves (Friesian × Egyptian Balady breed) naturally infected with T. annulata. Twenty-five T. annulata-infected calves (aged 20–30 days) along with 15 age matched healthy controls were used. Percentage of parasitemia varied from 12% to 63% (34.76 ± 3.05%). In comparison to controls, infected calves showed increased levels (P 0.001) of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA, 52%) and protein oxidation (protein carbonyls; PCs, 132%) in erythrocyte membrane as well as increased values of Hb oxidation (methemoglobin; MetHb, 186%), corpuscular osmotic fragility (15.1%) and hemolysis (free Hb; 195.5%). Parasitemia was positively correlated with MDA (r = 0.41, P = 0.039), PCs (r = 0.45, P = 0.023) and MetHb (r = 0.40, P = 0.042). Also, percent of erythrocytic deformability (echinocytosis) was positively correlated with MDA (r = 0.49, P = 0.013) and PCs (r = 0.63, P 0.001). On the other hand, erythrocytic packed cell volume was negatively correlated with MDA (r = −0.44, P = 0.028), PCs (r = −0.72, P 0.001) and MetHb (r = −0.42, P = 0.037). In conclusion, T. annulata infection is associated with a parasitic burden-dependant oxidative damage to the erythrocyte membrane protein and lipid contents in addition to Hb. This oxidative damage is linked to the morphological changes of the erythrocyte and may act as mechanisms contribute to pathogenesis of anemia in T. annulata infection in newborn calves.

The free convective heat transfer to the power-law non-Newtonian flow from a vertical plate in a porous medium saturated with nanofluid under laminar conditions is investigated. It is considered that the non-Newtonian nanofluid obeys the mathematical model of power-law. The model used for the nanofluid incorporates the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The partial differential system governing the problem is transformed into an ordinary system via a usual similarity transformation. The numerical solutions of the resulting ordinary system are obtained. These solutions depend on the power-law index n, Lewis number Le, buoyancy-ratio number Nr, Brownian motion number Nb, and thermophoresis number Nt. For various values of n and Le, the effects of the influence parameters on the fluid behavior as well as the reduced Nusselt number are presented and discussed.

The free convective heat transfer to the power-law non-Newtonian flow from a vertical plate in a porous medium saturated with nanofluid under laminar conditions is investigated. It is considered that the non-Newtonian nanofluid obeys the mathematical model of power-law. The model used for the nanofluid incorporates the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The partial differential system governing the problem is transformed into an ordinary system via a usual similarity transformation. The numerical solutions of the resulting ordinary system are obtained. These solutions depend on the power-law index n, Lewis number Le, buoyancy-ratio number Nr, Brownian motion number Nb, and thermophoresis number Nt. For various values of n and Le, the effects of the influence parameters on the fluid behavior as well as the reduced Nusselt number are presented and discussed.

The free convective heat transfer to the power-law non-Newtonian flow from a vertical plate in a porous medium saturated with nanofluid under laminar conditions is investigated. It is considered that the non-Newtonian nanofluid obeys the mathematical model of power-law. The model used for the nanofluid incorporates the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The partial differential system governing the problem is transformed into an ordinary system via a usual similarity transformation. The numerical solutions of the resulting ordinary system are obtained. These solutions depend on the power-law index n, Lewis number Le, buoyancy-ratio number Nr, Brownian motion number Nb, and thermophoresis number Nt. For various values of n and Le, the effects of the influence parameters on the fluid behavior as well as the reduced Nusselt number are presented and discussed.

The free convective heat transfer to the power-law non-Newtonian flow from a vertical plate in a porous medium saturated with nanofluid under laminar conditions is investigated. It is considered that the non-Newtonian nanofluid obeys the mathematical model of power-law. The model used for the nanofluid incorporates the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The partial differential system governing the problem is transformed into an ordinary system via a usual similarity transformation. The numerical solutions of the resulting ordinary system are obtained. These solutions depend on the power-law index n, Lewis number Le, buoyancy-ratio number Nr, Brownian motion number Nb, and thermophoresis number Nt. For various values of n and Le, the effects of the influence parameters on the fluid behavior as well as the reduced Nusselt number are presented and discussed.

This work is focused on the study of the natural convection boundary-layer flow over a downward-pointing vertical cone in a porous medium saturated with a non-Newtonian nanofluid in the presence of heat generation or absorption. The transformed boundary layer governing equations are solved numerically. The influences of pertinent parameters such as the heat generation or absorption, the solid volume fraction of nanoparticles and the type of nanofluid on the flow and heat transfer rate in terms of Nusselt number are discussed. Comparisons with previously published work on special cases of the problem are performed and found to be in excellent agreement. The generalized governing equations derived in this work can be applied to different cases of non-Newtonian fluids with different values of the power-law viscosity index. The results of this parametric study are shown graphically and the physical aspects of the problem are highlighted and discussed.

This work is focused on the study of the natural convection boundary-layer flow over a downward-pointing vertical cone in a porous medium saturated with a non-Newtonian nanofluid in the presence of heat generation or absorption. The transformed boundary layer governing equations are solved numerically. The influences of pertinent parameters such as the heat generation or absorption, the solid volume fraction of nanoparticles and the type of nanofluid on the flow and heat transfer rate in terms of Nusselt number are discussed. Comparisons with previously published work on special cases of the problem are performed and found to be in excellent agreement. The generalized governing equations derived in this work can be applied to different cases of non-Newtonian fluids with different values of the power-law viscosity index. The results of this parametric study are shown graphically and the physical aspects of the problem are highlighted and discussed.

This work is focused on the study of the natural convection boundary-layer flow over a downward-pointing vertical cone in a porous medium saturated with a non-Newtonian nanofluid in the presence of heat generation or absorption. The transformed boundary layer governing equations are solved numerically. The influences of pertinent parameters such as the heat generation or absorption, the solid volume fraction of nanoparticles and the type of nanofluid on the flow and heat transfer rate in terms of Nusselt number are discussed. Comparisons with previously published work on special cases of the problem are performed and found to be in excellent agreement. The generalized governing equations derived in this work can be applied to different cases of non-Newtonian fluids with different values of the power-law viscosity index. The results of this parametric study are shown graphically and the physical aspects of the problem are highlighted and discussed.

This work is focused on the study of the natural convection boundary-layer flow over a downward-pointing vertical cone in a porous medium saturated with a non-Newtonian nanofluid in the presence of heat generation or absorption. The transformed boundary layer governing equations are solved numerically. The influences of pertinent parameters such as the heat generation or absorption, the solid volume fraction of nanoparticles and the type of nanofluid on the flow and heat transfer rate in terms of Nusselt number are discussed. Comparisons with previously published work on special cases of the problem are performed and found to be in excellent agreement. The generalized governing equations derived in this work can be applied to different cases of non-Newtonian fluids with different values of the power-law viscosity index. The results of this parametric study are shown graphically and the physical aspects of the problem are highlighted and discussed.

The effect of yield stress on the free convective heat transfer of dilute liquid suspensions of nanofluids flowing on a vertical plate saturated in porous medium under laminar conditions is investigated considering the nanofluid obeys the mathematical model of power-law. The model used for non-Newtonian nanofluid incorporates the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The governing boundary- layer equations are cast into dimensionless system which is solved numerically using a deferred correction technique and Newton iteration. This solution depends on yield stress parameter Ω, a power-law index n, Lewis number Le, a buoyancy-ratio number Nr, a Brownian motion number Nb, and a thermophoresis number Nt. Analyses of the results found that the reduced Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are decreasing functions of the higher yield stress parameter for each dimensionless numbers, n and Le, except the reduced Sherwood number is an increasing function of higher Nb for different values of yield stress parameter.