The kinetics of oxidation of methyl cellulose polysaccharide as a natural polymer by alkaline potassium
ferricyanide at a constant ionic strength of 1.0 mol dm−3 have been studied, spectrophotometrically.
The experimental results showed complex kinetics where the pseudo first-order plots were found to be
straight lines up to 60% of reaction completion, and then deviated from linearity. A first-order dependence
in Fe(CN)6
3− and fractional first-order kinetics with respect to the methyl cellulose concentration was
observed. The oxidation reaction was found to be base catalyzed. Again, addition of Fe(CN)6
4− product
to the reaction mixture leads to a remarkable retardation of the oxidation rates. A kinetic evidence for
the formation of 1:1 intermediate complex was revealed. The activation parameters have been evaluated
and a tentative reaction mechanism in good consistency with the kinetic results is discussed.

The kinetics of oxidation of methyl cellulose polysaccharide as a natural polymer by alkaline potassium
ferricyanide at a constant ionic strength of 1.0 mol dm−3 have been studied, spectrophotometrically.
The experimental results showed complex kinetics where the pseudo first-order plots were found to be
straight lines up to 60% of reaction completion, and then deviated from linearity. A first-order dependence
in Fe(CN)6
3− and fractional first-order kinetics with respect to the methyl cellulose concentration was
observed. The oxidation reaction was found to be base catalyzed. Again, addition of Fe(CN)6
4− product
to the reaction mixture leads to a remarkable retardation of the oxidation rates. A kinetic evidence for
the formation of 1:1 intermediate complex was revealed. The activation parameters have been evaluated
and a tentative reaction mechanism in good consistency with the kinetic results is discussed.

In the present work, the destructive effects of the 4-nonylphenol on one of the most economically important Nile fishes namely African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were studied. Apoptosis, erythrocytes alterations, micronucleus test and blood parameters count were used as biological indicators to detect those effects. After exposure to sublethal concentrations of 4-nonylphenol (0, 0.05, 0.08 and 0.1 mg/l), apoptotic red blood cells with many malformations and micronuclated erythrocytes were recorded. Decrease in the blood parameters such as red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), package cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelets, white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocytes, basophils, monocytes and increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), neutrophils, eosinophils indicated the negative effects of 4-nonylphenol. It was concluded that, the 4-nonylphenol caused genotoxicity in erythrocytes with many malformations in shape and number indicated with other blood parameters.

In the present work, the destructive effects of the 4-nonylphenol on one of the most economically important Nile fishes namely African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were studied. Apoptosis, erythrocytes alterations, micronucleus test and blood parameters count were used as biological indicators to detect those effects. After exposure to sublethal concentrations of 4-nonylphenol (0, 0.05, 0.08 and 0.1 mg/l), apoptotic red blood cells with many malformations and micronuclated erythrocytes were recorded. Decrease in the blood parameters such as red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), package cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelets, white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocytes, basophils, monocytes and increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), neutrophils, eosinophils indicated the negative effects of 4-nonylphenol. It was concluded that, the 4-nonylphenol caused genotoxicity in erythrocytes with many malformations in shape and number indicated with other blood parameters.

In the present work, the destructive effects of the 4-nonylphenol on one of the most economically important Nile fishes namely African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were studied. Apoptosis, erythrocytes alterations, micronucleus test and blood parameters count were used as biological indicators to detect those effects. After exposure to sublethal concentrations of 4-nonylphenol (0, 0.05, 0.08 and 0.1 mg/l), apoptotic red blood cells with many malformations and micronuclated erythrocytes were recorded. Decrease in the blood parameters such as red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), package cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelets, white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocytes, basophils, monocytes and increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), neutrophils, eosinophils indicated the negative effects of 4-nonylphenol. It was concluded that, the 4-nonylphenol caused genotoxicity in erythrocytes with many malformations in shape and number indicated with other blood parameters.