The levels of GH, IGF-1, blood glucose and glycosylated plasma proteins (GPP) were determined in sera of diabetics (19 with and 18 without DR, 17 with IDDM and 20 with NIDDM). The levels of the four parameters were significantly higher in diabetics with and without retinopathy compared with controls. Patients with retinopathy had higher levels than those with nonproliferative changes. Serum GH and IGF-1 were higher in IDDM than in NIDDM. In patients with retinopathy, GH was correlated with the duration of diabetes and random blood glucose while IGF-1 did not correlate. It seems that increase GH and IGF-1 levels have possible contribution to the pathogenesis and progression of DR, especially in IDDM besides blood glucose and GPP excess. Such levels do appear to identify diabetics at high risk for rapid deterioration of vision and hence may be useful in selecting those for more intensive therapy.

The levels of GH, IGF-1, blood glucose and glycosylated plasma proteins (GPP) were determined in sera of diabetics (19 with and 18 without DR, 17 with IDDM and 20 with NIDDM). The levels of the four parameters were significantly higher in diabetics with and without retinopathy compared with controls. Patients with retinopathy had higher levels than those with nonproliferative changes. Serum GH and IGF-1 were higher in IDDM than in NIDDM. In patients with retinopathy, GH was correlated with the duration of diabetes and random blood glucose while IGF-1 did not correlate. It seems that increase GH and IGF-1 levels have possible contribution to the pathogenesis and progression of DR, especially in IDDM besides blood glucose and GPP excess. Such levels do appear to identify diabetics at high risk for rapid deterioration of vision and hence may be useful in selecting those for more intensive therapy.

The kinetics of hexachloroplatinate(IV) oxidation
of uranium(IV) ion in aqueous perchloric acid solutions at
a constant ionic strength of 1.0 mol dm
3 has been investigated
using the stopped-flow and conventional spectrophotometric
techniques. The oxidation reaction was found to proceed
through two distinct stages. The initial stage was found to be
relatively fast corresponding to the formation of [(H2O)nUIV 3 Cl6PtIV]2+ binuclear intermediate complex (with the rate constant k1
= 1.75  104 dm3 mol
1s
1, k
1 = 6.8 s
1, and the formation constant K = 2.6  103 dm3 mol
1 at [H+] = 1.0mol dm
3 and
25
C for binuclear formation). This stage was followed by a much slower stage corresponding to the transfer of two electrons
from UIV to PtIV in the rate-determining step (with the rate constant k = 5.32  10
5 s
1 at [H+] = 1.0 mol dm
3 and 25
C).
The reaction stoichiometry was found to depend on the molar ratio of the reactants concentration. The experimental results
indicated the decrease of the observed first-order rate constants with increasing the [H+] for the decomposition of the
binuclear intermediate complex through the slow-second stage, whereas no change was observed with respect to the rate of
formation of the binuclear complex at the initial rapid part. A tentative reaction mechanism consistent with the kinetic results is
discussed.

This work is focused on the study of the natural convection boundary-layer flow over a downward-pointing
vertical cone in a porous medium saturated with a non-Newtonian nanofluid in the presence of heat
generation or absorption. The transformed boundary layer governing equations are solved numerically. The
influences of pertinent parameters such as the heat generation or absorption, the solid volume fraction of
nanoparticles and the type of nanofluid on the flow and heat transfer rate in terms of Nusselt number are
discussed. Comparisons with previously published work on special cases of the problem are performed and
found to be in excellent agreement. The generalized governing equations derived in this work can be applied
to different cases of non-Newtonian fluids with different values of the power-law viscosity index. The results
of this parametric study are shown graphically and the physical aspects of the problem are highlighted and
discussed

The free convective heat transfer to the power-law non-Newtonian flow from
a vertical plate in a porous medium saturated with nanofluid under laminar conditions is
investigated. It is considered that the non-Newtonian nanofluid obeys the mathematical
model of power-law. The model used for the nanofluid incorporates the effects of Brownian
motion and thermophoresis. The partial differential system governing the problem is
transformed into an ordinary system via a usual similarity transformation. The numerical
solutions of the resulting ordinary system are obtained. These solutions depend on
the power-law index n, Lewis number Le, buoyancy-ratio number Nr, Brownian motion
number Nb, and thermophoresis number Nt. For various values of n and Le, the effects
of the influence parameters on the fluid behavior as well as the reduced Nusselt number
are presented and discussed

The free convective heat transfer to the power-law non-Newtonian flow from
a vertical plate in a porous medium saturated with nanofluid under laminar conditions is
investigated. It is considered that the non-Newtonian nanofluid obeys the mathematical
model of power-law. The model used for the nanofluid incorporates the effects of Brownian
motion and thermophoresis. The partial differential system governing the problem is
transformed into an ordinary system via a usual similarity transformation. The numerical
solutions of the resulting ordinary system are obtained. These solutions depend on
the power-law index n, Lewis number Le, buoyancy-ratio number Nr, Brownian motion
number Nb, and thermophoresis number Nt. For various values of n and Le, the effects
of the influence parameters on the fluid behavior as well as the reduced Nusselt number
are presented and discussed

The effect of yield stress on the free convective heat transfer of dilute liquid suspensions of nanofluids flowing on a vertical plate saturated
in porous medium under laminar conditions is investigated considering the nanofluid obeys the mathematical model of power-law.
The model used for non-Newtonian nanofluid incorporates the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The governing boundary-
layer equations are cast into dimensionless system which is solved numerically using a deferred correction technique and Newton
iteration. This solution depends on yield stress parameter Ω, a power-law index n, Lewis number Le, a buoyancy-ratio number Nr, a
Brownian motion number Nb, and a thermophoresis number Nt. Analyses of the results found that the reduced Nusselt and Sherwood
numbers are decreasing functions of the higher yield stress parameter for each dimensionless numbers, n and Le, except the reduced
Sherwood number is an increasing function of higher Nb for different values of yield stress parameter

The effect of yield stress on the free convective heat transfer of dilute liquid suspensions of nanofluids flowing on a vertical plate saturated
in porous medium under laminar conditions is investigated considering the nanofluid obeys the mathematical model of power-law.
The model used for non-Newtonian nanofluid incorporates the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The governing boundary-
layer equations are cast into dimensionless system which is solved numerically using a deferred correction technique and Newton
iteration. This solution depends on yield stress parameter Ω, a power-law index n, Lewis number Le, a buoyancy-ratio number Nr, a
Brownian motion number Nb, and a thermophoresis number Nt. Analyses of the results found that the reduced Nusselt and Sherwood
numbers are decreasing functions of the higher yield stress parameter for each dimensionless numbers, n and Le, except the reduced
Sherwood number is an increasing function of higher Nb for different values of yield stress parameter