Pseudomonas (Ps.) aeruginosa is one of the most common pathogens causing nosocomial infections. This pathogen causes several infections including urinary tract infection (UTI), wound infection, pneumonia, bacteremia,…etc. Immunocompromised patients and patients in intensive care unit are at high risk of acquisition of infection, in addition multidrug resistant Ps. aeruginosa isolates had been characterized. This study was planned to determine the frequency of Ps. aeruginosa in nosocomially infected patients in Assiut university hospital and to type isolated strains. In this study, 677 samples collected from 366 nosocomially infected patients admitted to different hospital wards at Assiut University Hospitals, including chest, trauma, neurology, internal medicine, post operative and pediatric ICUs, trauma and hematology units. Identification of bacterial strains was done by cultural and biochemical tests. Biotyping analysis for isolated strains was done using API 20NE. In our study, a total of 30 (8.2%) Ps. aeruginosa strains were isolated. Four API codes profile for Ps. aeruginosa isolates were identified, the isolate with API code profile 1154575 was more frequent distributed in Assiut University Hospital.

Pseudomonas (Ps.) aeruginosa is one of the most common pathogens causing nosocomial infections. This pathogen causes several infections including urinary tract infection (UTI), wound infection, pneumonia, bacteremia,…etc. Immunocompromised patients and patients in intensive care unit are at high risk of acquisition of infection, in addition multidrug resistant Ps. aeruginosa isolates had been characterized. This study was planned to determine the frequency of Ps. aeruginosa in nosocomially infected patients in Assiut university hospital and to type isolated strains. In this study, 677 samples collected from 366 nosocomially infected patients admitted to different hospital wards at Assiut University Hospitals, including chest, trauma, neurology, internal medicine, post operative and pediatric ICUs, trauma and hematology units. Identification of bacterial strains was done by cultural and biochemical tests. Biotyping analysis for isolated strains was done using API 20NE. In our study, a total of 30 (8.2%) Ps. aeruginosa strains were isolated. Four API codes profile for Ps. aeruginosa isolates were identified, the isolate with API code profile 1154575 was more frequent distributed in Assiut University Hospital.

Pseudomonas (Ps.) aeruginosa is one of the most common pathogens causing nosocomial infections. This pathogen causes several infections including urinary tract infection (UTI), wound infection, pneumonia, bacteremia,…etc. Immunocompromised patients and patients in intensive care unit are at high risk of acquisition of infection, in addition multidrug resistant Ps. aeruginosa isolates had been characterized. This study was planned to determine the frequency of Ps. aeruginosa in nosocomially infected patients in Assiut university hospital and to type isolated strains. In this study, 677 samples collected from 366 nosocomially infected patients admitted to different hospital wards at Assiut University Hospitals, including chest, trauma, neurology, internal medicine, post operative and pediatric ICUs, trauma and hematology units. Identification of bacterial strains was done by cultural and biochemical tests. Biotyping analysis for isolated strains was done using API 20NE. In our study, a total of 30 (8.2%) Ps. aeruginosa strains were isolated. Four API codes profile for Ps. aeruginosa isolates were identified, the isolate with API code profile 1154575 was more frequent distributed in Assiut University Hospital.

Pseudomonas (Ps.) aeruginosa is one of the most common pathogens causing nosocomial infections. This pathogen causes several infections including urinary tract infection (UTI), wound infection, pneumonia, bacteremia,…etc. Immunocompromised patients and patients in intensive care unit are at high risk of acquisition of infection, in addition multidrug resistant Ps. aeruginosa isolates had been characterized. This study was planned to determine the frequency of Ps. aeruginosa in nosocomially infected patients in Assiut university hospital and to type isolated strains. In this study, 677 samples collected from 366 nosocomially infected patients admitted to different hospital wards at Assiut University Hospitals, including chest, trauma, neurology, internal medicine, post operative and pediatric ICUs, trauma and hematology units. Identification of bacterial strains was done by cultural and biochemical tests. Biotyping analysis for isolated strains was done using API 20NE. In our study, a total of 30 (8.2%) Ps. aeruginosa strains were isolated. Four API codes profile for Ps. aeruginosa isolates were identified, the isolate with API code profile 1154575 was more frequent distributed in Assiut University Hospital.

Disturbances in autophagy are known to be implicated in autoimmune disorders. Many studies have connected polymorphisms in autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG-5) to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our aim was the determination of the expression level of ATG-5, Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein-light chain 3 (LC- 3) in Egyptian SLE patients to investigate the impact of disturbances in autophagy genes on the incidence and progression of the disease. Also, we investigated the incidence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs573775 in ATG-5 gene among Egyptian SLE patients. Our results showed that the mean levels of Beclin-1, LC-3 and interleukin (IL)-10 transcripts were significantly higher in SLE patients compared to healthy controls. The previous transcripts were positively correlated with SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Beclin-1 and LC-3 transcripts were negatively correlated to complement component 3 (C3) levels. Only LC-3 transcripts were negatively correlated to complement component 4 (C4). The rs573775 SNP of ATG-5 with the variant allele was significantly associated with disease susceptibility, conferring a higher risk of SLE development. This variant allele was more prevalent in patients below 30 years, patients with anemia and in patients with anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), confirming the essential role of ATG-5 polymorphism in the susceptibility of Egyptian patients to SLE.

Disturbances in autophagy are known to be implicated in autoimmune disorders. Many studies have connected polymorphisms in autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG-5) to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our aim was the determination of the expression level of ATG-5, Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein-light chain 3 (LC- 3) in Egyptian SLE patients to investigate the impact of disturbances in autophagy genes on the incidence and progression of the disease. Also, we investigated the incidence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs573775 in ATG-5 gene among Egyptian SLE patients. Our results showed that the mean levels of Beclin-1, LC-3 and interleukin (IL)-10 transcripts were significantly higher in SLE patients compared to healthy controls. The previous transcripts were positively correlated with SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Beclin-1 and LC-3 transcripts were negatively correlated to complement component 3 (C3) levels. Only LC-3 transcripts were negatively correlated to complement component 4 (C4). The rs573775 SNP of ATG-5 with the variant allele was significantly associated with disease susceptibility, conferring a higher risk of SLE development. This variant allele was more prevalent in patients below 30 years, patients with anemia and in patients with anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), confirming the essential role of ATG-5 polymorphism in the susceptibility of Egyptian patients to SLE.

Disturbances in autophagy are known to be implicated in autoimmune disorders. Many studies have connected polymorphisms in autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG-5) to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our aim was the determination of the expression level of ATG-5, Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein-light chain 3 (LC- 3) in Egyptian SLE patients to investigate the impact of disturbances in autophagy genes on the incidence and progression of the disease. Also, we investigated the incidence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs573775 in ATG-5 gene among Egyptian SLE patients. Our results showed that the mean levels of Beclin-1, LC-3 and interleukin (IL)-10 transcripts were significantly higher in SLE patients compared to healthy controls. The previous transcripts were positively correlated with SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Beclin-1 and LC-3 transcripts were negatively correlated to complement component 3 (C3) levels. Only LC-3 transcripts were negatively correlated to complement component 4 (C4). The rs573775 SNP of ATG-5 with the variant allele was significantly associated with disease susceptibility, conferring a higher risk of SLE development. This variant allele was more prevalent in patients below 30 years, patients with anemia and in patients with anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), confirming the essential role of ATG-5 polymorphism in the susceptibility of Egyptian patients to SLE.

Disturbances in autophagy are known to be implicated in autoimmune disorders. Many studies have connected polymorphisms in autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG-5) to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our aim was the determination of the expression level of ATG-5, Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein-light chain 3 (LC- 3) in Egyptian SLE patients to investigate the impact of disturbances in autophagy genes on the incidence and progression of the disease. Also, we investigated the incidence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs573775 in ATG-5 gene among Egyptian SLE patients. Our results showed that the mean levels of Beclin-1, LC-3 and interleukin (IL)-10 transcripts were significantly higher in SLE patients compared to healthy controls. The previous transcripts were positively correlated with SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Beclin-1 and LC-3 transcripts were negatively correlated to complement component 3 (C3) levels. Only LC-3 transcripts were negatively correlated to complement component 4 (C4). The rs573775 SNP of ATG-5 with the variant allele was significantly associated with disease susceptibility, conferring a higher risk of SLE development. This variant allele was more prevalent in patients below 30 years, patients with anemia and in patients with anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), confirming the essential role of ATG-5 polymorphism in the susceptibility of Egyptian patients to SLE.

Disturbances in autophagy are known to be implicated in autoimmune disorders. Many studies have connected polymorphisms in autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG-5) to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our aim was the determination of the expression level of ATG-5, Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein-light chain 3 (LC- 3) in Egyptian SLE patients to investigate the impact of disturbances in autophagy genes on the incidence and progression of the disease. Also, we investigated the incidence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs573775 in ATG-5 gene among Egyptian SLE patients. Our results showed that the mean levels of Beclin-1, LC-3 and interleukin (IL)-10 transcripts were significantly higher in SLE patients compared to healthy controls. The previous transcripts were positively correlated with SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Beclin-1 and LC-3 transcripts were negatively correlated to complement component 3 (C3) levels. Only LC-3 transcripts were negatively correlated to complement component 4 (C4). The rs573775 SNP of ATG-5 with the variant allele was significantly associated with disease susceptibility, conferring a higher risk of SLE development. This variant allele was more prevalent in patients below 30 years, patients with anemia and in patients with anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), confirming the essential role of ATG-5 polymorphism in the susceptibility of Egyptian patients to SLE.

Modulation of several targets in cancer cells enhances the effect of anti-cancer drugs. This can be achieved by using combinations of anti-cancer drugs or by designing new drugs with novel pharmacophore structures that target different molecules within cancer cells. We developed a panel of such compounds by accommodating two chemical entities (5-Aminoslicylic acid and thiazolin-4-one) known to have anti-cancer activities into a single framework structure. Using a panel of 7 cancer cell lines, two compounds (HH3 and HH13) showed efficient cytotoxic effects on some types of cancer comparable to the standard anti-cancer drug doxorubicin with tumor specificity and minimal effects on normal fibroblasts. Investigating the molecular mechanisms of the two compounds revealed (i) induction of DNA damage, (ii) cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and (iii) induction of apoptosis as indicated by annexin-V staining and activation of caspases. These effects were more prominent in HH compounds-sensitive cells (with IC50 0.5μM) than -resistant or normal cells (with IC50 > 1μM). Moreover, both compounds modulate the expression and activity of several factors in the DNA damage response pathway (γ–H2AX, ATM, ATR, CHK1, CHK2), cyclins/cyclin dependent kinases and CDC25 phosphatase. Altogether, our results show that both HH3 and HH13 compounds are good candidates as anti-cancer drug leads for certain types of cancer and worth further detailed investigations of their safety and effectiveness on animal/xenograft models.